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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers an effective solution to the issues faced by Large Language Models (LLMs) in hallucination generation and knowledge obsolescence by incorporating externally retrieved knowledge. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yongxin Xu , Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Yujie Feng , Yuzhen Xiao , Xinyu Ma , Runchuan Zhu , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings where they interact with multiple users and are trained or fine-tuned on sensitive internal data. While fine-tuning enhances performance by internalizing domain…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are widely deployed in real-world applications in diverse domains such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. However, many studies showed that they are vulnerable to knowledge corruption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Runpeng Geng , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Jinyuan Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but are vulnerable to corpus poisoning and contamination attacks, which can compromise output integrity. Existing defenses often apply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xiaonan Si , Meilin Zhu , Simeng Qin , Lijia Yu , Lijun Zhang , Shuaitong Liu , Xinfeng Li , Ranjie Duan , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Jia

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have been widely applied, the privacy and security risks they face, such as data leakage and data poisoning, have not been systematically addressed yet. Existing defense strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle to handle multi-hop question-answering tasks accurately due to irrelevant context retrieval and limited complex reasoning capabilities. We introduce Collab-RAG, a collaborative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ran Xu , Wenqi Shi , Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Joyce C. Ho , Haoyu Wang , Carl Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems respond to queries by retrieving relevant documents from a knowledge database and applying an LLM to the retrieved documents. We demonstrate that RAG systems that operate on databases with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Avital Shafran , Roei Schuster , Vitaly Shmatikov

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly improves the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet standard pipelines often lack mechanisms to verify inter- mediate reasoning, leaving them vulnerable to hallucinations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Eeham Khan , Luis Rodriguez , Marc Queudot

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems improve large language model outputs by incorporating external knowledge, enabling more informed and context-aware responses. However, the effectiveness and trustworthiness of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ilias Driouich , Hongliu Cao , Eoin Thomas

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational component of modern AI systems, yet it introduces significant privacy risks by exposing user queries to service providers. To address this, we introduce PIR-RAG, a practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Baiqiang Wang , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng , Dongfang Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external sources to improve factual accuracy and verifiability. However, this reliance introduces new attack surfaces within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Saket S. Chaturvedi , Gaurav Bagwe , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models by integrating external knowledge, but reliance on proprietary or sensitive corpora poses various data risks, including privacy leakage and unauthorized data usage.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hao Li , Jiajun He , Guangshuo Wang , Dengguo Feng , Zheng Li , Min Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by integrating non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into models, has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy while mitigating factual errors and hallucinations.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Qitao Qin , Yucong Luo , Yihang Lu , Zhibo Chu , Xiaoman Liu , Xianwei Meng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding by integrating retrieval mechanisms with generative models but introduces new attack surfaces, particularly through backdoor attacks. While prior research has largely focused…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Gaurav Bagwe , Saket S. Chaturvedi , Xiaolong Ma , Xiaoyong Yuan , Kuang-Ching Wang , Lan Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval-based methods with generative models. As external knowledge repositories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuyi Liu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) improves correctness of Question Answering (QA) and addresses hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet greatly increase computational costs. Besides, RAG is not always needed as may introduce…

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