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In response to the growing popularity of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to solve problems in various industries, various malicious groups have started to target such techniques in their attack plan. However, as ML models are constantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shahinul Hoque , Farhin Farhad Riya , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

The growing threat of deepfakes and manipulated media necessitates a radical rethinking of media authentication. Existing methods for watermarking synthetic data fall short, as they can be easily removed or altered, and current deepfake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Harish Krishna

Potential harms of Large Language Models such as mass misinformation and plagiarism can be partially mitigated if there exists a reliable way to detect machine generated text. In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kaan Efe Keleş , Ömer Kaan Gürbüz , Mucahid Kutlu

Powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tools that have emerged in recent years -- including large language models, automated coding assistants, and advanced image and speech generation technologies -- are the result of monumental human…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Jarvis Haupt , Qin Lu , Yanning Shen , Jia Chen , Yue Dong , Dan McCreary , Mehmet Akçakaya , Georgios B. Giannakis

Deep learning techniques are one of the most significant elements of any Artificial Intelligence (AI) services. Recently, these Machine Learning (ML) methods, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), presented exceptional achievement in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Mohammad Mehdi Yadollahi , Farzaneh Shoeleh , Sajjad Dadkhah , Ali A. Ghorbani

With the rapid rise of generative AI and synthetic media, distinguishing AI-generated images from real ones has become crucial in safeguarding against misinformation and ensuring digital authenticity. Traditional watermarking techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Mehrdad Saberi , Soheil Feizi

The rise of LLMs has increased concerns over source tracing and copyright protection for AIGC, highlighting the need for advanced detection technologies. Passive detection methods usually face high false positives, while active watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Jiantao Zhou , Yain-Whar Si

The rapid spread of text generated by large language models (LLMs) makes it increasingly difficult to distinguish authentic human writing from machine output. Watermarking offers a promising solution: model owners can embed an imperceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shingo Kodama , Haya Diwan , Lucas Rosenblatt , R. Teal Witter , Niv Cohen

Providing rich, constructive feedback to students is essential for supporting and enhancing their learning. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly with large language models (LLMs), present new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Euan D Lindsay , Mike Zhang , Aditya Johri , Johannes Bjerva

Now that AI-driven moderation has become pervasive in everyday life, we often hear claims that "the AI is biased". While this is often said jokingly, the light-hearted remark reflects a deeper concern. How can we be certain that an online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Subhojit Ghimire

Several companies have deployed watermark-based detection to identify AI-generated content. However, attribution--the ability to trace back to the user of a generative AI (GenAI) service who created a given AI-generated content--remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Yuepeng Hu , Yupu Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

The increasing deployment of intelligent agents in digital ecosystems, such as social media platforms, has raised significant concerns about traceability and accountability, particularly in cybersecurity and digital content protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kaibo Huang , Zipei Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

In programming education, plagiarism and misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance are emerging issues. However, not many relevant studies are focused on web programming. We plan to develop automated tools to help instructors…

The recent progress in generative models has revolutionized the synthesis of highly realistic images, including face images. This technological development has undoubtedly helped face recognition, such as training data augmentation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yuguang Yao , Steven Grosz , Sijia Liu , Anil Jain

Watermarking has emerged as a crucial method to distinguish AI-generated text from human-created text. Current watermarking approaches often lack formal optimality guarantees or address the scheme and detector design separately. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

We study watermarking schemes for language models with provable guarantees. As we show, prior works offer no robustness guarantees against adaptive prompting: when a user queries a language model more than once, as even benign users do. And…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Aloni Cohen , Alexander Hoover , Gabe Schoenbach

Generative models have rapidly evolved to generate realistic outputs. However, their synthetic outputs increasingly challenge the clear distinction between natural and AI-generated content, necessitating robust watermarking techniques.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Kasra Arabi , R. Teal Witter , Chinmay Hegde , Niv Cohen

Despite progress in watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs), real-world deployment remains limited. We argue that this gap stems from misaligned incentives among LLM providers, platforms, and end users, which manifest as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yepeng Liu , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song , Gregory W. Wornell , Yuheng Bu

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang