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Related papers: Moravec's Paradox: Towards an Auditory Turing Test

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Large Language Models (LLMs) are recruited in applications that span from clinical assistance and legal support to question answering and education. Their success in specialized tasks has led to the claim that they possess human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Vittoria Dentella , Fritz Guenther , Elliot Murphy , Gary Marcus , Evelina Leivada

As AI tutors enter classrooms at unprecedented speed, their deployment increasingly outpaces our grasp of the psychological and social consequences of such technology. Yet decades of research in automation psychology, human factors, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junaid Qadir , Muhammad Mumtaz

The pursuit of human-like conversational agents has long been guided by the Turing test. For modern speech-to-speech (S2S) systems, a critical yet unanswered question is whether they can converse like humans. To tackle this, we conduct the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiang Li , Jiabao Gao , Sipei Lin , Xuan Zhou , Chi Zhang , Bo Cheng , Jiale Han , Benyou Wang

End-to-end (E2E) spoken dialogue systems are increasingly replacing cascaded pipelines for voice-based human-AI interaction, processing raw audio directly without intermediate transcription. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate these…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved text-to-speech (TTS) systems, enhancing control over speech style, naturalness, and emotional expression, which brings TTS Systems closer to human-level…

Natural and artificial audition can in principle acquire different solutions to a given problem. The constraints of the task, however, can nudge the cognitive science and engineering of audition to qualitatively converge, suggesting that a…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Federico Adolfi , Jeffrey S. Bowers , David Poeppel

Real-world speech communication is rarely affected by a single type of degradation. Instead, it suffers from a complex interplay of acoustic interference, codec compression, and, increasingly, secondary artifacts introduced by upstream…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Junan Zhang , Mengyao Zhu , Xin Xu , Hui Bu , Zhenhua Ling , Zhizheng Wu

Existing audio question answering benchmarks largely emphasize sound event classification or caption-grounded queries, often enabling models to succeed through shortcut strategies, short-duration cues, lexical priors, dataset-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Tasnim Kabir , Dmytro Kurdydyk , Aadi Palnitkar , Liam Dorn , Ahmed Haj Ahmed , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

As multimodal large language models (LLMs) advance, traditional CAPTCHAs have become obsolete at distinguishing humans from bots. To address this shift, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of using tasks for which humans have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Choon-Hou Rafael Chong

CAPTCHAs are employed as a security measure to differentiate human users from bots. A new sound-based CAPTCHA is proposed in this paper, which exploits the gaps between human voice and synthetic voice rather than relays on the auditory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Haichang Gao , Honggang Liu , Dan Yao , Xiyang Liu , Uwe Aickelin

Imagine hearing a dog bark and turning toward the sound only to see a parked car, while the real, silent dog sits elsewhere. Such sensory conflicts test perception, yet humans reliably resolve them by prioritizing sound over misleading…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yanhao Jia , Ji Xie , S Jivaganesh , Hao Li , Xu Wu , Mengmi Zhang

Recent progress in auditory intelligence has yielded high-performing systems for sound event detection (SED), acoustic scene classification (ASC), automated audio captioning (AAC), and audio question answering (AQA). Yet these tasks remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Hyeonuk Nam

CAPTCHAs are widely used by websites to block bots and spam by presenting challenges that are easy for humans but difficult for automated programs to solve. To improve accessibility, audio CAPTCHAs are designed to complement visual ones.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Ziqi Ding , Yunfeng Wan , Wei Song , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Nan Sun , Huadong Mo , Jingling Xue , Shidong Pan , Yuekang Li

The growing capabilities of large language models and multimodal systems have spurred interest in voice-first AI assistants, yet existing benchmarks are inadequate for evaluating the full range of these systems' capabilities. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ke Wang , Houxing Ren , Zimu Lu , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

"Encoded in the large, highly evolved sensory and motor portions of the human brain is a billion years of experience about the nature of the world and how to survive in it. The deliberate process we call reasoning is, I believe, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-12-15 Kush Agrawal

Individuals regularly experience Hearing Difficulty Moments in everyday conversation. Identifying these moments of hearing difficulty has particular significance in the field of hearing assistive technology where timely interventions are…

As AI becomes increasingly embedded in daily life, ascertaining whether an agent is human is critical. We systematically benchmark AI's ability to imitate humans in three language tasks (image captioning, word association, conversation) and…

Large Language Models based on transformer algorithms have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence by enabling verbal interaction with machines akin to human conversation. These AI agents have surpassed the Turing Test, achieving confusion…

Audio comprehension-including speech, non-speech sounds, and music-is essential for achieving human-level intelligence. Consequently, AI agents must demonstrate holistic audio understanding to qualify as generally intelligent. However,…

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