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Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets often contain hypothesis-only biases---artifacts that allow models to achieve non-trivial performance without learning whether a premise entails a hypothesis. We propose two probabilistic methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yonatan Belinkov , Adam Poliak , Stuart M. Shieber , Benjamin Van Durme , Alexander M. Rush

Real-world arguments in text and dialogues are normally enthymemes (i.e. some of their premises and/or claims are implicit). Natural language processing (NLP) methods for handling enthymemes can potentially identify enthymemes in text but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xuyao Feng , Anthony Hunter

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a fundamental and challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Most existing methods only apply one-pass inference process on a mixed matching feature, which is a concatenation of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Chunhua Liu , Shan Jiang , Hainan Yu , Dong Yu

The integrity of AI benchmarks is fundamental to accurately assess the capabilities of AI systems. The internal validity of these benchmarks - i.e., making sure they are free from confounding factors - is crucial for ensuring that they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Marko Tesic , Lucy G. Cheke , José Hernández-Orallo

Across machine learning (ML) sub-disciplines researchers make mathematical assumptions to facilitate proof-writing. While such assumptions are necessary for providing mathematical guarantees for how algorithms behave, they also necessarily…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-05 A. Feder Cooper

Measurement of social bias in language models is typically by token probability (TP) metrics, which are broadly applicable but have been criticized for their distance from real-world language model use cases and harms. In this work, we test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Virginia K. Felkner , Allison Lim , Jonathan May

There is an increasing trend towards evaluating NLP models with LLMs instead of human judgments, raising questions about the validity of these evaluations, as well as their reproducibility in the case of proprietary models. We provide…

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized many areas (e.g. natural language processing, software engineering, etc.) by achieving state-of-the-art performance on extensive downstream tasks. Aiming to achieve robust and general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Zhiming Li , Yushi Cao , Xiufeng Xu , Junzhe Jiang , Xu Liu , Yon Shin Teo , Shang-wei Lin , Yang Liu

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is considered a representative task to test natural language understanding (NLU). In this work, we propose an extensible framework to collectively yet categorically test diverse Logical reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ishan Tarunesh , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in performing varied natural language tasks such as language translation, question-answering, summarizing, fact-checking, etc. Despite LLMs' impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Sarah Hasan , Naheed Anjum Arafat , Arijit Khan

Estimating the difficulty of exam questions is essential for developing good exams, but professors are not always good at this task. We compare various Large Language Model-based methods with three professors in their ability to estimate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Leonidas Zotos , Ivo Pascal de Jong , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea , Malvina Nissim , Hedderik van Rijn

Previous work adopts large language models (LLMs) as evaluators to evaluate natural language process (NLP) tasks. However, certain shortcomings, e.g., fairness, scope, and accuracy, persist for current LLM evaluators. To analyze whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qintong Li , Leyang Cui , Lingpeng Kong , Wei Bi

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly operate in environments where they encounter social information such as other agents' answers, tool outputs, or human recommendations. In humans, such inputs influence judgments in ways that depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Anooshka Bajaj , Zoran Tiganj

Neural network models have shown great success at natural language inference (NLI), the task of determining whether a premise entails a hypothesis. However, recent studies suggest that these models may rely on fallible heuristics rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-04 R. Thomas McCoy , Tal Linzen

We evaluate LLMs' language understanding capacities on simple inference tasks that most humans find trivial. Specifically, we target (i) grammatically-specified entailments, (ii) premises with evidential adverbs of uncertainty, and (iii)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Victoria Basmov , Yoav Goldberg , Reut Tsarfaty

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of determining the semantic relationship between a premise and a hypothesis. In this paper, we focus on the {\em generation} of hypotheses from premises in a multimodal setting, to generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Somaye Jafaritazehjani , Albert Gatt , Marc Tanti

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays prompted for a wide variety of tasks. In this article, we investigate their ability in reciting and generating graphs. We first study the ability of LLMs to regurgitate well known graphs from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Gurvan Richardeau , Samy Chali , Erwan Le Merrer , Camilla Penzo , Gilles Tredan

Large language models (LLM) have revolutionized the processing of natural language. Although first benchmarks of the process modeling abilities of LLM are promising, it is currently under debate to what extent an LLM can generate good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Peter Fettke , Constantin Houy

Pre-trained neural language models give high performance on natural language inference (NLI) tasks. But whether they actually understand the meaning of the processed sequences remains unclear. We propose a new diagnostics test suite which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Aarne Talman , Marianna Apidianaki , Stergios Chatzikyriakidis , Jörg Tiedemann