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Quantum superposition is often phrased as the ability to add state vectors. In practice, however, the physical quantity is a ray (a rank-one projector), so each input specifies only a projector and leaves a gauge freedom in the phases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jeongho Bang , Kyoungho Cho , Ki Hyuk Yee

Interferometric visibilities, reflecting the complex correlations between signals recorded at antennas in an interferometric array, carry information about the angular structure of a distant source. While unknown antenna gains in both…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-04 Lindy Blackburn , Dominic W. Pesce , Michael D. Johnson , Maciek Wielgus , Andrew A. Chael , Pierre Christian , Sheperd S. Doeleman

One of the most powerful approaches to imaging at the nanometer or subnanometer length scale is coherent diffraction imaging using X-ray sources. For amorphous (non-crystalline) samples, the raw data can be interpreted as the modulus of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Alexander Barnett , Charles L. Epstein , Leslie Greengard , Jeremy Magland

The response of a pair of differently polarized antennas is determined by their polarization states AND a phase between them which has a geometric part which becomes discontinuous at singular points in the parameter space. Such phase…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Rajendra Bhandari

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging plays a central role in Remote Sensing due to, among other important features, its ability to provide high-resolution, day-and-night and almost weather-independent images. SAR images are affected from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Luis Gomez , Raydonal Ospina , Alejandro C. Frery

We introduce a novel characterization of phase transitions based on hypothesis testing. In our formulation, a phase transition is defined as the breakdown of statistical indistinguishability under vanishing parameter perturbations in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-20 Taiyo Narita , Hideyuki Miyahara

We derive the form of the quantum filter equation describing the continuous observation of the phase of a quantum system in an arm of an interferometer via non-demolition measurements when the statistics of an input field used for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 John Gough

I present a discussion of fundamental stellar parameters and their observational determination in the context of interferometric measurements with current and future optical/infrared interferometric facilities. Stellar parameters and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Wittkowski

Measuring the phase of light is fundamental to optical imaging, sensing, and signal processing applications. Conventional optical phase measurements rely on multipath configurations, bulky interferometric setups, and computationally…

Correct radar data fusion depends on knowledge of the spatial transform between sensor pairs. Current methods for determining this transform operate by aligning identifiable features in different radar scans, or by relying on measurements…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Qilong Cheng , Emmett Wise , Jonathan Kelly

By viewing entanglement as a state function, a new kind of phase transition takes place: the geometric phase transition. This phenomenon occurs due to singularities in the shape of the entangled states set. It is shown how this result can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Cavalcanti , Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Marcelo O. Terra Cunha

This paper introduces a generic filter-based state estimation framework that supports two state-decoupling strategies based on cross-covariance factorization. These strategies reduce the computational complexity and inherently support true…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Roland Jung , Luca Santoro , Davide Brunelli , Daniele Fontanelli , Stephan Weiss

The deployment of zero-shot anomaly detection (AD) in embodied industrial inspection is severely bottlenecked by its reliance on passive, fixed-viewpoint 2D imagery. Such formulations inherently fail to accommodate the active, dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaxuan Liu , Yunkang Cao , Yufeng Chen , Chunyang Li , Yuhuan Du , Hui Zhang

The radio interferometer measurement equation (RIME), especially in its 2x2 form, has provided a comprehensive matrix-based formalism for describing classical radio interferometry and polarimetry, as shown in the previous three papers of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-06 Oleg M. Smirnov

Critical parts of the definitions of standard serial and standard parallel modes refer to stochastic independence. Standard serial models are defined by stochastic independence and identical distributions of their processing times.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-02-13 Ru Zhang , Yanjun Liu , James T Townsend

In the plane, we study the transform $R_\gamma f$ of integrating a unknown function $f$ over circles centered at a given curve $\gamma$. This is a simplified model of SAR, when the radar is not directed but has other applications, like…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-05-07 Plamen Stefanov , Gunther Uhlmann

The angle of rotation of any target about the radar line of sight (LOS) is known as the polarization orientation angle. The orientation angle is found to be non-zero for undulating terrains and man-made targets oriented away from the radar…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Avik Bhattacharya

The objective of this paper is to derive the essential invariance and contraction properties for the geometric periodic systems, which can be formulated as a category of differential inclusions, and primarily rendered in the phase…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-30 Chen Qian , Yongchun Fang

It is commonly accepted that phase singularities in refractive index sensors can provide highly sensitive detection. To address this issue, we studied the phase sensitivity and the limit of detection of Tamm photonic crystals used as…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-14 L. Berguiga , T. Girerd , X. Letartre , T. Benyattou , C. Jamois , F. Mandorlo , L. Ferrier

Automotive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can achieve a significant angular resolution enhancement for detecting static objects, which is essential for automated driving. Obtaining high resolution SAR images requires precise ego vehicle…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-25 Oded Bialer , Tom Tirer