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Order book imbalance (OBI) - buy orders minus sell orders near the best quote - measures supply-demand imbalance that can move prices. OBI is positively correlated with returns, and some investors try to use it to improve performance. Large…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-23 Shuto Endo , Takanobu Mizuta , Isao Yagi

We investigate the impact of order flow imbalance (OFI) on price movements in equity markets in a multi-asset setting. First, we propose a systematic approach for combining OFIs at the top levels of the limit order book into an integrated…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-16 Rama Cont , Mihai Cucuringu , Chao Zhang

Market information events are generated intermittently and disseminated at high speeds in real-time. Market participants consume this high-frequency data to build limit order books, representing the current bids and offers for a given…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-08 Aditya Nittur Anantha , Shashi Jain

A micro-scale model is proposed for the evolution of the limit order book. Within this model, the flows of orders (claims) are described by doubly stochastic Poisson processes taking account of the stochastic character of intensities of bid…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-09 V. Yu. Korolev , A. V. Chertok , A. Yu. Korchagin , A. I. Zeifman

We conduct modeling of the price dynamics following order flow imbalance in market microstructure and apply the model to the analysis of Chinese CSI 300 Index Futures. There are three findings. The first is that the order flow imbalance is…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-26 Chen Hu , Kouxiao Zhang

Order flow imbalance can explain short-term changes in stock price. This paper considers the change of non-minimum quotation units in real transactions, and proposes a generalized order flow imbalance construction method to improve Order…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-07 Yuhan Su , Zeyu Sun , Jiarong Li , Xianghui Yuan

We investigate the behavior of limit order books on the meso-scale motivated by order execution scheduling algorithms. To do so we carry out empirical analysis of the order flows from market and limit order submissions, aggregated from…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-10 Kyle Bechler , Michael Ludkovski

We study the multi-level order-flow imbalance (MLOFI), which is a vector quantity that measures the net flow of buy and sell orders at different price levels in a limit order book (LOB). Using a recent, high-quality data set for 6 liquid…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-29 Ke Xu , Martin D. Gould , Sam D. Howison

There is a pervasive assumption that low latency access to an exchange is a key factor in the profitability of many high-frequency trading strategies. This belief is evidenced by the "arms race" undertaken by certain financial firms to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-06-17 David Byrd , Sruthi Palaparthi , Maria Hybinette , Tucker Hybinette Balch

It is a challenging task to identify the best possible models based on given empirical data of observed time series. Though the financial markets provide us with a vast amount of empirical data, the best model selection is still a big…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-05 Vygintas Gontis

We study the interaction between returns and order flow imbalances in the S&P 500 E-mini futures market using a structural VAR model identified through heteroskedasticity. The model is estimated at one-second frequency for each 15-minute…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-09 Makoto Takahashi

In financial markets, the order flow, defined as the process assuming value one for buy market orders and minus one for sell market orders, displays a very slowly decaying autocorrelation function. Since orders impact prices, reconciling…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-19 Damian Eduardo Taranto , Giacomo Bormetti , Fabrizio Lillo

We study the price impact of order book events - limit orders, market orders and cancelations - using the NYSE TAQ data for 50 U.S. stocks. We show that, over short time intervals, price changes are mainly driven by the order flow…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-17 Rama Cont , Arseniy Kukanov , Sasha Stoikov

We investigate whether the bid/ask queue imbalance in a limit order book (LOB) provides significant predictive power for the direction of the next mid-price movement. We consider this question both in the context of a simple binary…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-12-14 Martin D. Gould , Julius Bonart

We propose a microstructural model for the order flow in financial markets that distinguishes between {\it core orders} and {\it reaction flow}, both modeled as Hawkes processes. This model has a natural scaling limit that reconciles a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Johannes Muhle-Karbe , Youssef Ouazzani Chahdi , Mathieu Rosenbaum , Grégoire Szymanski

We propose a limit order book (LOB) model with dynamics that account for both the impact of the most recent order and the shape of the LOB. We present an empirical analysis showing that the type of the last order significantly alters the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-10-31 Federico Gonzalez , Mark Schervish

We examine optimal execution models that take into account both market microstructure impact and informational costs. Informational footprint is related to order flow and is represented by the trader's influence on the flow imbalance…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-10-21 Kyle Bechler , Mike Ludkovski

Order flow in equity markets is remarkably persistent in the sense that order signs (to buy or sell) are positively autocorrelated out to time lags of tens of thousands of orders, corresponding to many days. Two possible explanations are…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-12-02 Bence Toth , Imon Palit , Fabrizio Lillo , J. Doyne Farmer

This study examines the impact of different computing implementations of clearing mechanisms on multi-asset price dynamics within an artificial stock market framework. We show that sequential processing of order books introduces a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-03 Matej Steinbacher , Mitja Steinbacher , Matjaz Steinbacher

In this work we investigate tick-by-tick data provided by the TRTH database for several stocks on three different exchanges (Paris - Euronext, London and Frankfurt - Deutsche B\"orse) and on a 5-year span. We use a simple algorithm that…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-07-15 Ioane Muni Toke
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