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Energy-based models (EBMs) are versatile density estimation models that directly parameterize an unnormalized log density. Although very flexible, EBMs lack a specified normalization constant of the model, making the likelihood of the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Louis Grenioux , Éric Moulines , Marylou Gabrié

A significant challenge facing current optical flow methods is the difficulty in generalizing them well to the real world. This is mainly due to the high cost of hand-crafted datasets, and existing self-supervised methods are limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Han Ling

Existing neural network-based autonomous systems are shown to be vulnerable against adversarial attacks, therefore sophisticated evaluation on their robustness is of great importance. However, evaluating the robustness only under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Bo Li , Kim Ji Eun , Ding Zhao

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) hold great potential to increase safety, mobility, and equity. However, without public acceptance, none of these promises can be fulfilled. To engender public trust, many entities in the ADS community…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Scott Schnelle , Francesca M. Favaro

We introduce a new regularization method for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) based on Kernel Flows (KFs). KFs were introduced as a method for kernel selection in regression/kriging based on the minimization of the loss of accuracy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-25 Gene Ryan Yoo , Houman Owhadi

The automotive industry is experiencing a transition from assisted to highly automated driving. New concepts for validation of Automated Driving System (ADS) include amongst other a shift from a "technology based" approach to a "scenario…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Ilona Cieslik , Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez , Helmut Martin , Heiko Scharke , Hannes Schneider

Learning probabilistic models that can estimate the density of a given set of samples, and generate samples from that density, is one of the fundamental challenges in unsupervised machine learning. We introduce a new generative model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Siavash A. Bigdeli , Geng Lin , Tiziano Portenier , L. Andrea Dunbar , Matthias Zwicker

Existing machine learning methods for causal inference usually estimate quantities expressed via the mean of potential outcomes (e.g., average treatment effect). However, such quantities do not capture the full information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Normalizing flows (NFs) provide exact likelihoods and deterministic invertible sampling, but have historically lagged behind diffusion models for large-scale image generation. We identify a key obstacle: NFs are required to learn a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Longtao Jiang , Jianmin Bao , Zhendong Wang , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Zhihui Li , Xiaojun Chang

Normalizing flows are objects used for modeling complicated probability density functions, and have attracted considerable interest in recent years. Many flexible families of normalizing flows have been developed. However, the focus to date…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Tin Lok James Ng , Andrew Zammit-Mangion

An approximation model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed for flow field predictions. The CNN is used to predict the velocity and pressure field in unseen flow conditions and geometries given the pixelated shape of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-06-14 Yaser Afshar , Saakaar Bhatnagar , Shaowu Pan , Karthik Duraisamy , Shailendra Kaushik

We leverage physics-embedded differentiable graph network simulators (GNS) to accelerate particulate and fluid simulations to solve forward and inverse problems. GNS represents the domain as a graph with particles as nodes and learned…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Krishna Kumar , Yongjin Choi

The detection of rare and hazardous driving scenarios is a critical challenge for ensuring the safety and reliability of autonomous systems. This research explores an unsupervised learning framework for detecting rare and extreme driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dat Le , Thomas Manhardt , Moritz Venator , Johannes Betz

Fault detection and identification (FDI) is critical for maintaining the safety and reliability of systems subject to actuator and sensor faults. In this paper, the problem of FDI for nonlinear control-affine systems under simultaneous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Joshua D. Ibrahim , Mahdi Taheri , Soon-Jo Chung , Fred Y. Hadaegh

Conditional density estimation (CDE) is the task of estimating the probability of an event conditioned on some inputs. A neural network (NN) can also be used to compute the output distribution for continuous-domain, which can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Bing Chen , Mazharul Islam , Jisuo Gao , Lin Wang

Correct risk estimation of policyholders is of great significance to auto insurance companies. While the current tools used in this field have been proven in practice to be quite efficient and beneficial, we argue that there is still a lot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Joseph Levitas , Konstantin Yavilberg , Oleg Korol , Genadi Man

Sampling from high-dimensional, multi-modal distributions remains a fundamental challenge across domains such as statistical Bayesian inference and physics-based machine learning. In this paper, we propose Annealing Flow (AF), a method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-28 Dongze Wu , Yao Xie

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

Providing safety guarantees for autonomous systems is difficult as these systems operate in complex environments that require the use of learning-enabled components, such as deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual perception. DNNs are hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Corina Pasareanu , Ravi Mangal , Divya Gopinath , Huafeng Yu

Analyzing and interpreting time-dependent stochastic data requires accurate and robust density estimation. In this paper we extend the concept of normalizing flows to so-called temporal Normalizing Flows (tNFs) to estimate time dependent…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-20 Gert-Jan Both , Remy Kusters