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Merging binary black holes exhibit a ringdown phase in which they primarily emit gravitational waves in the shape of damped sinusoids corresponding to quasi-normal modes of the Kerr remnant. In general, each mode carries four degrees of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-18 Nicole Khusid , Will Farr , Max Isi

The "ringdown" radiation emitted by oscillating black holes has great scientific potential. By carefully predicting the frequencies and amplitudes of black hole quasinormal modes and comparing them with gravitational-wave data from compact…

Using high-accuracy numerical relativity waveforms, we confirm the presence of numerous overtones of the $\ell=2$, $m=2$ quasinormal mode early in the ringdown of binary black hole mergers. We do this by demonstrating the stability of the…

The Kerr nature of a compact-object-coalescence remnant can be unveiled by observing multiple quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the post-merger signal. Current methods to achieve this goal rely on matching the data with a superposition of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-31 Richard Brito , Alessandra Buonanno , Vivien Raymond

The final stage of a binary black hole merger is ringdown, in which the system is described by a Kerr black hole with quasinormal mode perturbations. It is far from straightforward to identify the time at which the ringdown begins. Yet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-06 Swetha Bhagwat , Maria Okounkova , Stefan W. Ballmer , Duncan A. Brown , Matthew Giesler , Mark A. Scheel , Saul A. Teukolsky

The detection of quadratic quasi-normal modes would provide a direct probe into black hole nonlinear perturbations. We report the first observational evidence of a set of quadratic quasi-normal modes in the gravitational-wave ringdown of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-12 Yi-Fan Wang , Sizheng Ma , Neev Khera , Huan Yang

Unlike ground-based gravitational wave detectors, space-based gravitational wave detectors can detect the ringdown signals from massive black hole mergers with large signal-to-noise ratios, help to localize sources and extract their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-01 Chunyu Zhang , Yungui Gong , Chao Zhang

The recent first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black hole mergers has spurred a renewed interest in possible deviations from General Relativity (GR), since they could be detected in the GWs emitted by such systems. Of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 Hugo Roussille

A perturbed black hole emits gravitational radiation, usually termed the ringdown signal, whose frequency and time-constant depends on the mass and spin of the black hole. I investigate the case of a binary black hole merger resulting from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Ioannis Kamaretsos

Merging black holes produce the loudest signal in the detectors. However, this is the most difficult signal to accurately predict with analytical techniques. Only computer simulations can account for the nonlinear physics during the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-08 Dillon Buskirk , Maria C. Babiuc Hamilton

The intricacies of black hole ringdown analysis are amplified by the absence of a complete set of orthogonal basis functions for quasinormal modes. Although damped sinusoids effectively fit the ringdown signals from binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-09 Hengrui Zhu , Justin L. Ripley , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Frans Pretorius

Gravitational-wave signals from black-hole binaries with non-precessing spins are described by four parameters -- each black hole's mass and spin. It has been shown that the dominant spin effects can be modeled by a \emph{single} spin…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-11 Michael Pürrer , Mark Hannam , P. Ajith , Sascha Husa

Accurate waveform modelling is crucial for parameter estimation in gravitational wave astronomy, impacting our understanding of source properties and the testing of general relativity. The precession of orbital and spin angular momenta in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-06 Cheng Foo , Eleanor Hamilton

LISA can detect higher harmonics of the ringdown gravitational-wave signal from massive black-hole binary mergers with large signal-to-noise ratio. The most massive black-hole binaries are more likely to have electromagnetic counterparts,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-29 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso

Detecting and coherently characterizing thousands of gravitational-wave signals is a core data-analysis challenge for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Transient artifacts, or "glitches", with disparate morphologies are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-22 Alice Spadaro , Riccardo Buscicchio , Daniele Vetrugno , Antoine Klein , Davide Gerosa , Stefano Vitale , Rita Dolesi , William Joseph Weber , Monica Colpi

Gravitational waves from black hole binary mergers carry information about the component spins, but inference is sensitive to analysis assumptions, which may be broken by terrestrial noise transients known as glitches. Using a variety of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-03 Rhiannon Udall , Sophie Bini , Katerina Chatziioannou , Derek Davis , Sophie Hourihane , Yannick Lecoeuche , Jess McIver , Simona Miller

The early inspiral of massive stellar-mass black-hole binaries merging in LIGO's sensitivity band will be detectable at low frequencies by the upcoming space mission LISA. LISA will predict, with years of forewarning, the time and frequency…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-03 Rhondale Tso , Davide Gerosa , Yanbei Chen

We study Bayesian inference of black hole ringdown modes for simulated binary black hole signals. We consider to what extent different fundamental ringdown modes can be identified in the context of black hole spectroscopy. Our simulated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-10 Jahed Abedi , Collin D. Capano , Shilpa Kastha , Alexander H. Nitz , Yi-Fan Wang , Julian Westerweck , Alex B. Nielsen , Badri Krishnan

Gravitational waves (GW) emitted by binary systems allow us to perform precision tests of general relativity in the strong field regime. Ringdown signals allow for probing black hole mass and spin with high precision in GW astronomy. With…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-13 Song-Tao Liu , Tian-Yang Sun , Yu-Xin Wang , Yong-Xin Zhang , Shang-Jie Jin , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

The gravitational waves emitted by a perturbed black hole ringing down are well described by damped sinusoids, whose frequencies are those of quasinormal modes. Typically, first-order black hole perturbation theory is used to calculate…