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This article studies the infinite-width limit of deep feedforward neural networks whose weights are dependent, and modelled via a mixture of Gaussian distributions. Each hidden node of the network is assigned a nonnegative random variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-06 Hoil Lee , Fadhel Ayed , Paul Jung , Juho Lee , Hongseok Yang , François Caron

From the classical and influential works of Neal (1996), it is known that the infinite width scaling limit of a Bayesian neural network with one hidden layer is a Gaussian process, when the network weights have bounded prior variance.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-06 Jorge Loría , Anindya Bhadra

We consider deep neural networks in a Bayesian framework with a prior distribution sampling the network weights at random. Following a recent idea of Agapiou and Castillo (2023), who show that heavy-tailed prior distributions achieve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-16 Ismaël Castillo , Paul Egels

Neal (1996) proved that infinitely wide shallow Bayesian neural networks (BNN) converge to Gaussian processes (GP), when the network weights have bounded prior variance. Cho & Saul (2009) provided a useful recursive formula for deep kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-05 Jorge Loría , Anindya Bhadra

We establish novel rates for the Gaussian approximation of random deep neural networks with Gaussian parameters (weights and biases) and Lipschitz activation functions, in the wide limit. Our bounds apply for the joint output of a network…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Dario Trevisan

We introduce a variational Bayesian neural network where the parameters are governed via a probability distribution on random matrices. Specifically, we employ a matrix variate Gaussian \cite{gupta1999matrix} parameter posterior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-24 Christos Louizos , Max Welling

The analytic inference, e.g. predictive distribution being in closed form, may be an appealing benefit for machine learning practitioners when they treat wide neural networks as Gaussian process in Bayesian setting. The realistic widths,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-01 Chi-Ken Lu

We study the distributional properties of linear neural networks with random parameters in the context of large networks, where the number of layers diverges in proportion to the number of neurons per layer. Prior works have shown that in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-26 Federico Bassetti , Lucia Ladelli , Pietro Rotondo

We give a proof that, under relatively mild conditions, fully-connected feed-forward deep random neural networks converge to a Gaussian mixture distribution as only the width of the last hidden layer goes to infinity. We conducted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-27 Yasuhiko Asao , Ryotaro Sakamoto , Shiro Takagi

This article gives a new proof that fully connected neural networks with random weights and biases converge to Gaussian processes in the regime where the input dimension, output dimension, and depth are kept fixed, while the hidden layer…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Boris Hanin

We consider Bayesian inverse problems wherein the unknown state is assumed to be a function with discontinuous structure a priori. A class of prior distributions based on the output of neural networks with heavy-tailed weights is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Chen Li , Matthew Dunlop , Georg Stadler

Finite-width fully connected neural networks with Gaussian-initialized weights deviate from their infinite-width Gaussian limit, exhibiting non-vanishing higher-order cumulants. We approximate these deviations, for a neural network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Lucia Celli

A longstanding goal in deep learning research has been to precisely characterize training and generalization. However, the often complex loss landscapes of neural networks have made a theory of learning dynamics elusive. In this work, we…

Whilst deep neural networks have shown great empirical success, there is still much work to be done to understand their theoretical properties. In this paper, we study the relationship between random, wide, fully connected, feedforward…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-17 Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Mark Rowland , Jiri Hron , Richard E. Turner , Zoubin Ghahramani

We challenge the longstanding assumption that the mean-field approximation for variational inference in Bayesian neural networks is severely restrictive, and show this is not the case in deep networks. We prove several results indicating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Sebastian Farquhar , Lewis Smith , Yarin Gal

In this paper, we consider fully connected feed-forward deep neural networks where weights and biases are independent and identically distributed according to Gaussian distributions. Extending previous results (Matthews et al., 2018a;b;…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Daniele Bracale , Stefano Favaro , Sandra Fortini , Stefano Peluchetti

In this paper, we study the infinite-depth limit of finite-width residual neural networks with random Gaussian weights. With proper scaling, we show that by fixing the width and taking the depth to infinity, the pre-activations converge in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-16 Soufiane Hayou

Bayesian inference promises a framework for principled uncertainty quantification of neural network predictions. Barriers to adoption include the difficulty of fully characterizing posterior distributions on network parameters and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Katharine Fisher , Youssef Marzouk

Gaussian Process is a non-parametric prior which can be understood as a distribution on the function space intuitively. It is known that by introducing appropriate prior to the weights of the neural networks, Gaussian Process can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Erdong Guo , David Draper

Modeling uncertainty in deep neural networks, despite recent important advances, is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are a powerful solution, where the prior over network weights is a design choice, often a normal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Yaniv Gurwicz , Shami Nisimov , Gal Novik
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