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Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have become central to computational pathology, aiming to offer general encoders for feature extraction from whole-slide images (WSIs). Despite strong benchmark performance, PFM robustness to real-world…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Erik Thiringer , Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Kajsa Ledesma Eriksson , Mattias Rantalainen

Recent advances in deep learning have completely transformed the domain of computational pathology (CPath). More specifically, it has altered the diagnostic workflow of pathologists by integrating foundation models (FMs) and vision-language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Dibaloke Chanda , Milan Aryal , Nasim Yahya Soltani , Masoud Ganji

Computational pathology, which involves analyzing whole slide images for automated cancer diagnosis, relies on multiple instance learning, where performance depends heavily on the feature extractor and aggregator. Recent Pathology…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), in particular self-supervised learning of foundation models (FMs), are revolutionizing medical imaging and computational pathology (CPath). A constant challenge in the analysis of digital…

Computational pathology foundation models (CPathFMs) have emerged as a powerful approach for analyzing histopathological data, leveraging self-supervised learning to extract robust feature representations from unlabeled whole-slide images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Dong Li , Guihong Wan , Xintao Wu , Xinyu Wu , Ajit J. Nirmal , Christine G. Lian , Peter K. Sorger , Yevgeniy R. Semenov , Chen Zhao

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful pretrained encoders for computational pathology, but their robustness under clinically relevant distribution shifts remains insufficiently understood. We benchmark the robustness…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Mattias Rantalainen

Pathology has played a crucial role in the diagnosis and evaluation of patient tissue samples obtained from surgeries and biopsies for many years. The advent of Whole Slide Scanners and the development of deep learning technologies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Mieko Ochi , Daisuke Komura , Shumpei Ishikawa

Deep learning models have exhibited exceptional effectiveness in Computational Pathology (CPath) by tackling intricate tasks across an array of histology image analysis applications. Nevertheless, the presence of out-of-distribution data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Mostafa Jahanifar , Manahil Raza , Kesi Xu , Trinh Vuong , Rob Jewsbury , Adam Shephard , Neda Zamanitajeddin , Jin Tae Kwak , Shan E Ahmed Raza , Fayyaz Minhas , Nasir Rajpoot

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as a core approach for learning transferable representations from whole slide images (WSIs), and they are typically benchmarked through downstream clinical endpoints. While such task level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bokai Zhao , Yiyang Zhang , Yuanchi Zhu , Hanqing Chao , Long Bai , Tai Ma , Minfeng Xu , Ming Song , Tianzi Jiang

Since the emergence of the ImageNet dataset, the pretraining and fine-tuning approach has become widely adopted in computer vision due to the ability of ImageNet-pretrained models to learn a wide variety of visual features. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Adrian Colomer , Valery Naranjo

Pretraining on large-scale, in-domain datasets grants histopathology foundation models (FM) the ability to learn task-agnostic data representations, enhancing transfer learning on downstream tasks. In computational pathology, automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Valery Naranjo

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have rapidly advanced and are becoming a common backbone for downstream clinical tasks, offering strong transferability across tissues and institutions. However, for dense prediction (e.g., segmentation),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Weiming Chen , Xitong Ling , Xidong Wang , Zhenyang Cai , Yijia Guo , Mingxi Fu , Ziyi Zeng , Minxi Ouyang , Jiawen Li , Yizhi Wang , Tian Guan , Benyou Wang , Yonghong He

Deep learning models have shown immense promise in computational pathology (CPath) tasks, but their performance often suffers when applied to unseen data due to domain shifts. Addressing this requires domain generalization (DG) algorithms.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Neda Zamanitajeddin , Mostafa Jahanifar , Kesi Xu , Fouzia Siraj , Nasir Rajpoot

Computational pathology (CPath) digitizes pathology slides into whole slide images (WSIs), enabling analysis for critical healthcare tasks such as cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, WSIs possess extremely long sequence lengths (up to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wenhao Tang , Heng Fang , Ge Wu , Xiang Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

Foundation models for computational pathology are expected to facilitate the development of high-performing, generalisable deep learning systems. However, in addition to biologically relevant features, current foundation models also capture…

The emergence of pathology foundation models has revolutionized computational histopathology, enabling highly accurate, generalized whole-slide image analysis for improved cancer diagnosis, and prognosis assessment. While these models show…

Pathology image segmentation across multiple centers encounters significant challenges due to diverse sources of heterogeneity including imaging modalities, organs, and scanning equipment, whose variability brings representation bias and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yuan Zhang , Feng Chen , Yaolei Qi , Guanyu Yang , Huazhu Fu

The emergence of foundation models in computational pathology has transformed histopathological image analysis, with whole slide imaging (WSI) diagnosis being a core application. Traditionally, weakly supervised fine-tuning via multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiawen Li , Jiali Hu , Qiehe Sun , Renao Yan , Minxi Ouyang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Chao He , Yonghong He

Advances in optical microscopy scanning have significantly contributed to computational pathology (CPath) by converting traditional histopathological slides into whole slide images (WSIs). This development enables comprehensive digital…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Xitong Ling , Yuanyuan Lei , Jiawen Li , Junru Cheng , Wenting Huang , Tian Guan , Jian Guan , Yonghong He

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis has emerged as an increasingly essential technique in computational pathology. Recent advances in the pathology foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated significant advantages in deriving meaningful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhidong Yang , Xiuhui Shi , Wei Ba , Zhigang Song , Haijing Luan , Taiyuan Hu , Senlin Lin , Jiguang Wang , Shaohua Kevin Zhou , Rui Yan
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