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eXplainable AI focuses on generating explanations for the output of an AI algorithm to a user, usually a decision-maker. Such user needs to interpret the AI system in order to decide whether to trust the machine outcome. When addressing…

XAI with natural language processing aims to produce human-readable explanations as evidence for AI decision-making, which addresses explainability and transparency. However, from an HCI perspective, the current approaches only focus on…

Explainability and interpretability of AI models is an essential factor affecting the safety of AI. While various explainable AI (XAI) approaches aim at mitigating the lack of transparency in deep networks, the evidence of the effectiveness…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are designed to provide information about how AI-based models make predictions. In healthcare, there is a widespread expectation that these methods will provide relevant and accurate…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…

This study critically examines the commonly held assumption that explicability in artificial intelligence (AI) systems inherently boosts user trust. Utilizing a meta-analytical approach, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the…

Explanations for artificial intelligence (AI) systems are intended to support the people who are impacted by AI systems in high-stakes decision-making environments, such as doctors, patients, teachers, students, housing applicants, and many…

The complex nature of disease mechanisms and the variability of patient symptoms pose significant challenges in developing effective diagnostic tools. Although machine learning (ML) has made substantial advances in medical diagnosis, the…

Neural network architectures are achieving superhuman performance on an expanding range of tasks. To effectively and safely deploy these systems, their decision-making must be understandable to a wide range of stakeholders. Methods to…

Explainable AI (XAI) systems are sociotechnical in nature; thus, they are subject to the sociotechnical gap--divide between the technical affordances and the social needs. However, charting this gap is challenging. In the context of XAI, we…

To generate trust with their users, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems need to include an explanation model that can communicate the internal decisions, behaviours and actions to the interacting humans. Successful explanation…

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even…

Recent legislative regulations have underlined the need for accountable and transparent artificial intelligence systems and have contributed to a growing interest in the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) field. Nonetheless, the lack…

In this paper, we argue for a paradigm shift from the current model of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), which may be counter-productive to better human decision making. In early decision support systems, we assumed that we could…

The adoption of intelligent systems creates opportunities as well as challenges for medical work. On the positive side, intelligent systems have the potential to compute complex data from patients and generate automated diagnosis…

Recent success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) allow problem solving automatically without any human intervention. Autonomous approaches can be very convenient. However, in certain domains, e.g., in the medical…

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) enables data-driven understanding of factor associations with response variables, yet communicating XAI outputs to laypersons remains challenging, hindering trust in AI-based predictions. Large…

We examine the problem of explainable AI (xAI) and explore what delivering xAI means in practice, particularly in contexts that involve formal or informal and ad-hoc collaboration where agency and accountability in decision-making are…

Many calls for explainable AI (XAI) systems in medicine are tied to a desire for AI accountability--accounting for, mitigating, and ultimately preventing harms from AI systems. Because XAI systems provide human-understandable explanations…

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly finding applications in the field of medicine. Concerns have been raised about the explainability of the decisions that are made by these AI models. In this article, we give a systematic…