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In recent years, the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to time series forecasting (TSF) has garnered significant attention among researchers. This study presents a new frame of LLMs named CGF-LLM using GPT-2 combined with fuzzy…

The emerging paradigm of leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) for time series forecasting has predominantly employed linguistic-temporal modality alignment strategies through token-level or layer-wise feature mapping. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Siming Sun , Kai Zhang , Xuejun Jiang , Wenchao Meng , Qinmin Yang

Forecasting in the real world requires integrating structured time-series data with unstructured textual information, but existing methods are architecturally limited by fixed input/output horizons and are unable to model or quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sungjun Cho , Changho Shin , Suenggwan Jo , Xinya Yan , Shourjo Aditya Chaudhuri , Frederic Sala

With the recent progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in applying these models to solve complex and challenging problems. Modern LLMs, capable of processing long contexts and generating verbalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 WonJin Yoon , Kangyu Zhu , Ian Bulovic , Autumn Sehy , Yanjun Gao , Dmitriy Dligach , Majid Afshar , Timothy A. Miller

Long-term time-series forecasting is essential for planning and decision-making in economics, energy, and transportation, where long foresight is required. To obtain such long foresight, models must be both efficient and effective in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Chao Ma , Yikai Hou , Xiang Li , Yinggang Sun , Haining Yu , Zhou Fang , Jiaxing Qu

Metaphor detection, a critical task in natural language processing, involves identifying whether a particular word in a sentence is used metaphorically. Traditional approaches often rely on supervised learning models that implicitly encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yujie Lin , Jingyao Liu , Yan Gao , Ante Wang , Jinsong Su

In the burgeoning domain of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in applying LLM to time series forecasting, with multiple studies focused on leveraging textual prompts to further enhance the predictive prowess. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Peisong Niu , Tian Zhou , Xue Wang , Liang Sun , Rong Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to time series forecasting tasks, leveraging pre-trained language models as the backbone and incorporating textual data to purportedly enhance the comprehensive capabilities of LLMs for time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhengke Sun , Hangwei Qian , Ivor Tsang

Time series forecasting holds significant importance in many real-world dynamic systems and has been extensively studied. Unlike natural language process (NLP) and computer vision (CV), where a single large model can tackle multiple tasks,…

Time series analysis provides essential insights for real-world system dynamics and informs downstream decision-making, yet most existing methods often overlook the rich contextual signals present in auxiliary modalities. To bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yushan Jiang , Wenchao Yu , Geon Lee , Dongjin Song , Kijung Shin , Wei Cheng , Yanchi Liu , Haifeng Chen

The proliferation of edge devices has generated an unprecedented volume of time series data across different domains, motivating various well-customized methods. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm for time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chenxi Liu , Shaowen Zhou , Qianxiong Xu , Hao Miao , Cheng Long , Ziyue Li , Rui Zhao

Time series forecasting is crucial in strategic planning and decision-making across various industries. Traditional forecasting models mainly concentrate on numerical time series data, often overlooking important textual information such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chanjuan Liu , Shengzhi Wang , Enqiang Zhu

Effective analysis of time series data presents significant challenges due to the complex temporal dependencies and cross-channel interactions in multivariate data. Inspired by the way human analysts visually inspect time series to uncover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Qinghua Liu , Sam Heshmati , Zheda Mai , Zubin Abraham , John Paparrizos , Liu Ren

Large language models (LLMs) have been introduced to time series forecasting (TSF) to incorporate contextual knowledge beyond numerical signals. However, existing studies question whether LLMs provide genuine benefits, often reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xin Qiu , Junlong Tong , Yirong Sun , Yunpu Ma , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Recently, there has been a growing interest in leveraging pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for various time series applications. However, the semantic space of LLMs, established through the pre-training, is still underexplored and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zijie Pan , Yushan Jiang , Sahil Garg , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Dongjin Song

Longitudinal passive sensing enables continuous health prediction, yet models often fail under cross-dataset distribution shifts. Traditional ML overfits cohort-specific artifacts, while Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to reason…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuang Fan , Lilin Xu , Millie Wu , Jingping Nie , Qingyu Chen , Yuzhe Yang , Zhuo Zhang , Xin Liu , Subigya Nepal , Xiaofan Jiang , Xuhai "Orson" Xu

Natural language understanding (NLU) converts sentences into structured semantic forms. The paucity of annotated training samples is still a fundamental challenge of NLU. To solve this data sparsity problem, previous work based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Su Zhu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

Time series forecasting in specialized domains is often constrained by limited data availability, where conventional models typically require large-scale datasets to effectively capture underlying temporal dynamics. To tackle this few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Haonan Shi , Dehua Shuai , Liming Wang , Xiyang Liu , Long Tian

Deep learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for spatio-temporal modeling of fluid dynamics. However, existing approaches often suffer from limited generalization to unseen flow conditions and typically require retraining when applied…

Accurate analysis of industrial time-series big data is critical for the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of industrial equipment. While recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in time-series analysis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Haiteng Wang , Yikang Li , Yunfei Zhu , Jingheng Yan , Lei Ren , Laurence T. Yang