English
Related papers

Related papers: PRISM: Programmatic Reasoning with Image Sequence …

200 papers

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

With the significant advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), concerns about their potential misuse and abuse have grown rapidly. Previous studies have highlighted VLMs' vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, where carefully crafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yu Wang , Xiaofei Zhou , Yichen Wang , Geyuan Zhang , Tianxing He

Defending large language models (LLMs) against jailbreak attacks is crucial for ensuring their safe deployment. Existing defense strategies typically rely on predefined static criteria to differentiate between harmful and benign prompts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Rui Pu , Chaozhuo Li , Rui Ha , Litian Zhang , Lirong Qiu , Xi Zhang

We identify a structural weakness in current large language model (LLM) alignment: modern refusal mechanisms are fail-open. While existing approaches encode refusal behaviors across multiple latent features, suppressing a single dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zachary Coalson , Beth Sohler , Aiden Gabriel , Sanghyun Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Due to their training on internet-sourced datasets, LLMs can sometimes generate objectionable content, necessitating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Leyang Hu , Boran Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to align with human values in their responses. This study exploits LLMs with an iterative prompting technique where each prompt is systematically modified and refined across multiple iterations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Shih-Wen Ke , Guan-Yu Lai , Guo-Lin Fang , Hsi-Yuan Kao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, but their security vulnerabilities can be exploited by attackers to generate harmful content, causing adverse impacts across various societal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fan Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that exploit weaknesses in traditional safety alignment, which often relies on rigid refusal heuristics or representation engineering to block harmful outputs. While they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuyou Zhang , Miao Li , William Han , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Ding Zhao

The recent surge in jailbreaking attacks has revealed significant vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) when exposed to malicious inputs. While various defense strategies have been proposed to mitigate these threats, there has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tianlong Li , Zhenghua Wang , Wenhao Liu , Muling Wu , Shihan Dou , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Recent explorations with commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that non-expert users can jailbreak LLMs by simply manipulating their prompts; resulting in degenerate output behavior, privacy and security breaches, offensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Abhinav Rao , Sachin Vashistha , Atharva Naik , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

Jailbreaks are adversarial attacks designed to bypass the built-in safety mechanisms of large language models. Automated jailbreaks typically optimize an adversarial suffix or adapt long prompt templates by forcing the model to generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Raffaele Mura , Giorgio Piras , Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Maura Pintor , Amin Karbasi , Battista Biggio

Although many large language models (LLMs) have been trained to refuse harmful requests, they are still vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks which rewrite the original prompt to conceal its harmful intent. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yihan Wang , Zhouxing Shi , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful language understanding and decision-making tools that are created through extensive alignment with human feedback. However, these large models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiaogeng Liu , Nan Xu , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become widely deployed, yet their safety alignment remains fragile under adversarial inputs. Previous work has shown that increasing inference steps can disrupt safety mechanisms and lead MLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xiangdong Hu , Yangyang Jiang , Qin Hu , Xiaojun Jia

Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Small Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as efficient and economically viable alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), offering competitive performance with significantly lower computational costs and latency. These advantages make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Md Jueal Mia , Joaquin Molto , Yanzhao Wu , M. Hadi Amini

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have become integral to a wide range of real-world applications by jointly reasoning over text and visual inputs. However, despite recent advances in safety alignment, MLLMs remain vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinkai Wang , Beibei Li , Zerui Shao , Ao Liu , Guangquan Xu , Shouling Ji

Recently, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated superior logical capabilities compared to traditional Large Language Models (LLMs), gaining significant attention. Despite their impressive performance, the potential for stronger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Viet-Anh Nguyen , Shiqian Zhao , Gia Dao , Runyi Hu , Yi Xie , Luu Anh Tuan

Safety is critical to the usage of large language models (LLMs). Multiple techniques such as data filtering and supervised fine-tuning have been developed to strengthen LLM safety. However, currently known techniques presume that corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Fengqing Jiang , Zhangchen Xu , Luyao Niu , Zhen Xiang , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Bo Li , Radha Poovendran

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, wherein adversaries exploit carefully engineered prompts to induce harmful or unethical responses. Such threats have raised critical concerns about the safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Taiye Chen , Zeming Wei , Ang Li , Yisen Wang