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Meta-analyses of clinical trials targeting rare events face particular challenges when the data lack adequate numbers of events for all treatment arms. Especially when the number of studies is low, standard meta-analysis methods can lead to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-20 Burak Kürsad Günhan , Christian Röver , Tim Friede

We propose a general method to carry out a valid Bayesian analysis of a finite-dimensional `targeted' parameter in the presence of a finite-dimensional nuisance parameter. We apply our methods to causal inference based on estimating…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Magid Sabbagh , David A. Stephens

Platform trials gained popularity during the last few years as they increase flexibility compared to multi-arm trials by allowing new experimental arms entering when the trial already started. Using a shared control group in platform trials…

Unmeasured confounding, unethical exposure, and ill-defined interventions pose significant challenges to evaluating policy-relevant mediation estimands in medicine and public health. In observational studies involving harmful exposures, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yang Bai , Yifan Cui , Baoluo Sun

Background. Non-inferiority (NI) trials are increasingly used to evaluate new treatments expected to have secondary advantages over standard of care, but similar efficacy on the primary outcome. When designing a NI trial with a binary…

An early phase clinical trial is the first step in evaluating the effects in humans of a potential new anti-disease agent or combination of agents. Usually called "phase I" or "phase I/II" trials, these experiments typically have the…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-01 Peter F. Thall

Bayesian adaptive designs enable flexible clinical trials by adapting features based on accumulating data. Among these, Bayesian Response-Adaptive Randomization (BRAR) skews patient allocation towards more promising treatments based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-05 Daniel Kaddaj , Stef Baas , Edwin Y. N. Tang , David S. Robertson , Lukas Pin , Sofía S. Villar

Platform trials evaluate multiple experimental treatments against a common control group (and/or against each other), which often reduces the trial duration and sample size. Bayesian platform designs offer several practical advantages,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Luke Hagar , Lara Maleyeff , Shirin Golchi , Dick Menzies

This is a companion paper to Yarkoni and Westfall (2017), which describes the Python package Bambi for estimating Bayesian generalized linear mixed models using a simple interface. Here I give the statistical details underlying the default,…

Applications · Statistics 2017-02-14 Jacob Westfall

Model selection aims to identify a sufficiently well performing model that is possibly simpler than the most complex model among a pool of candidates. However, the decision-making process itself can inadvertently introduce non-negligible…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-08 Yann McLatchie , Aki Vehtari

In the need for low assumption inferential methods in infinite-dimensional settings, Bayesian adaptive estimation via a prior distribution that does not depend on the regularity of the function to be estimated nor on the sample size is…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-23 Catia Scricciolo

We overview Bayesian estimation, hypothesis testing, and model-averaging and illustrate how they benefit parametric survival analysis. We contrast the Bayesian framework to the currently dominant frequentist approach and highlight…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-13 František Bartoš , Frederik Aust , Julia M. Haaf

In nonlinear regression models the Fisher information depends on the parameters of the model. Consequently, optimal designs maximizing some functional of the information matrix cannot be implemented directly but require some preliminary…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-11-05 Ina Burghaus , Holger Dette

The widespread adoption of online randomized controlled experiments (A/B Tests) for decision-making has created ongoing capacity constraints which necessitate interim analyses. As a consequence, platform users are increasingly motivated to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-11-11 Abbas Zaidi , Rina Friedberg , Samir Khan , Yao-Yang Leow , Maulik Soneji , Houssam Nassif , Richard Mudd

Random allocation models used in clinical trials aid researchers in determining which of a particular treatment provides the best results by reducing bias between groups. Often however, this determination leaves researchers battling ethical…

Applications · Statistics 2020-08-04 Albert. H. Lee , Edward L Boone , Roy T. Sabo , Erin Donahue

Estimation of permutation entropy (PE) using Bayesian statistical methods is presented for systems where the ordinal pattern sampling follows an independent, multinomial distribution. It is demonstrated that the PE posterior distribution is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-02-09 Douglas J. Little , Joshua P. Toomey , Deb M. Kane

We consider Bayesian estimation of information-theoretic quantities from data, using a Dirichlet prior. Acknowledging the uncertainty of the event space size $m$ and the Dirichlet prior's concentration parameter $c$, we treat both as random…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-20 David H. Wolpert , Simon DeDeo

The behavior of the conditional logistic estimator is analyzed under a causal model for two-arm experimental studies with possible non-compliance in which the effect of the treatment is measured by a binary response variable. We show that,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-09-15 Francesco Bartolucci

Bayesian variable selection (BVS) depends critically on the specification of a prior distribution over the model space, particularly for controlling sparsity and multiplicity. This paper examines the practical consequences of different…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Joyee Ghosh

A family of random probabilities is defined and studied. This family contains the Dirichlet process as a special case, corresponding to an inner point in the appropriate parameter space. The extension makes it possible to have random means…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Nils Lid Hjort