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Recent years have witnessed fast developments of graph neural networks (GNNs) that have benefited myriad graph analytic tasks and applications. Most GNNs rely on the homophily assumption that nodes belonging to the same class are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xin Zheng , Yi Wang , Yixin Liu , Ming Li , Miao Zhang , Di Jin , Philip S. Yu , Shirui Pan

Graph Neural Network (GNN) resembles the diffusion process, leading to the over-smoothing of learned representations when stacking many layers. Hence, the reverse process of message passing can produce the distinguishable node…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-12 MoonJeong Park , Jaeseung Heo , Dongwoo Kim

Current graph neural networks (GNNs) lack generalizability with respect to scales (graph sizes, graph diameters, edge weights, etc..) when solving many graph analysis problems. Taking the perspective of synthesizing graph theory programs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Hao Tang , Zhiao Huang , Jiayuan Gu , Bao-Liang Lu , Hao Su

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable attention and have emerged as a new promising paradigm to process graph-structured data. GNNs are usually stacked to multiple layers and the node representations in each layer are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Yihao Chen , Xin Tang , Xianbiao Qi , Chun-Guang Li , Rong Xiao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promising results across various graph learning tasks, but they often assume homophily, which can result in poor performance on heterophilic graphs. The connected nodes are likely to be from different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kai Zhao , Qiyu Kang , Yang Song , Rui She , Sijie Wang , Wee Peng Tay

Hypergraphs, with their capacity to depict high-order relationships, have emerged as a significant extension of traditional graphs. Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have remarkable performance in graph representation learning, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Khaled Mohammed Saifuddin , Mehmet Emin Aktas , Esra Akbas

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are shown to be successful in modeling applications with graph structures. However, training an accurate GNN model requires a large collection of labeled data and expressive features, which might be inaccessible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Ziniu Hu , Changjun Fan , Ting Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

The message-passing mechanism underlying Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is not naturally suited for heterophilic datasets, where adjacent nodes often have different labels. Most solutions to this problem remain confined to the task of node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Andrea Giuseppe Di Francesco , Francesco Caso , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Fabrizio Silvestri

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool to learn representations on graphs by iteratively aggregating features from node neighbourhoods. Many variant models have been proposed, but there is limited understanding on both how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Michael Lingzhi Li , Meng Dong , Jiawei Zhou , Alexander M. Rush

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on graph learning tasks, but training on large-scale networks remains computationally challenging. Transferability results show that GNNs with fixed weights can generalize from smaller…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

Graph rewiring has emerged as a key technique to alleviate over-squashing in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Transformers by modifying the graph topology to improve information flow. While effective, rewiring inherently alters the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alexandre Benoit , Catherine Aitken , Yu He

Graph pre-training strategies have been attracting a surge of attention in the graph mining community, due to their flexibility in parameterizing graph neural networks (GNNs) without any label information. The key idea lies in encoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Dawei Zhou , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Jiawei Han , Jingrui He

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for graph classification and representation learning. However, GNNs tend to suffer from over-smoothing problems and are vulnerable to graph perturbations. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Yuzhou Chen , Baris Coskunuzer , Yulia R. Gel

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong

Graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been enormously successful in learning representations over several graph-based machine learning tasks. Specific to learning rich node representations, most of the methods have solely relied on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Ashish Tiwari , Sresth Tosniwal , Shanmuganathan Raman

Real data collected from different applications that have additional topological structures and connection information are amenable to be represented as a weighted graph. Considering the node labeling problem, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaoxiao Li , Joao Saude

Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to be the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely adopted in engineering applications such as social network analysis, chemical research and computer vision. However, their efficacy is severely compromised by the inherent homophily assumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yi Luo , Xu Sun , Guangchun Luo , Aiguo Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become the backbone for a myriad of tasks pertaining to graphs and similar topological data structures. While many works have been established in domains related to node and graph classification/regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Appan Rakaraddi , Siew Kei Lam , Mahardhika Pratama , Marcus De Carvalho