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Related papers: Handling Out-of-Distribution Data: A Survey

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The complex and dynamic real-world clinical environment demands reliable deep learning (DL) systems. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a critical role in enhancing the reliability and generalizability of DL models when encountering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiangbei Yue , Darren Treanor , Venkataraman Subramanian , Sharib Ali

The performance of machine learning models under distribution shift has been the focus of the community in recent years. Most of current methods have been proposed to improve the robustness to distribution shift from the algorithmic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Ziquan Liu , Yi Xu , Yuanhong Xu , Qi Qian , Hao Li , Rong Jin , Xiangyang Ji , Antoni B. Chan

Detecting and understanding out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial in machine learning (ML) to ensure reliable model performance. Current OOD studies primarily focus on extrapolatory (outside) OOD, neglecting potential cases of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teddy Lazebnik

Most research designing novel predictive models, or employing existing ones, assumes that training and testing data are independent and identically distributed. In practice, the data encountered at serving time often deviate from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial to modern deep learning applications by identifying and alerting about the OOD samples that should not be tested or used for making predictions. Current OOD detection methods have made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Xinheng Wu , Jie Lu , Zhen Fang , Guangquan Zhang

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization, where the model needs to handle distribution shifts from training, is a major challenge of machine learning. Contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) models have shown impressive zero-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Yang Shu , Xingzhuo Guo , Jialong Wu , Ximei Wang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Machine learning has recently demonstrated impressive progress in predictive accuracy across a wide array of tasks. Most ML approaches focus on generalization performance on unseen data that are similar to the training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Anand Avati , Martin Seneviratne , Emily Xue , Zhen Xu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Andrew M. Dai

We study the problem of distribution shift generally arising in machine-learning augmented hybrid simulation, where parts of simulation algorithms are replaced by data-driven surrogates. We first establish a mathematical framework to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Jiaxi Zhao , Qianxiao Li

There is increasing evidence suggesting neural networks' sensitivity to distribution shifts, so that research on out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization comes into the spotlight. Nonetheless, current endeavors mostly focus on Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Qitian Wu , Hengrui Zhang , Junchi Yan , David Wipf

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a capability natural to humans yet challenging for machines to reproduce. This is because most learning algorithms strongly rely on the i.i.d.~assumption on source/target data, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Kaiyang Zhou , Ziwei Liu , Yu Qiao , Tao Xiang , Chen Change Loy

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

The deployment of machine learning solutions in real-world scenarios often involves addressing the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. While significant efforts have been devoted to OOD detection in classical supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Loïc Le Bescond , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Fabrice André , Hugues Talbot

The notion of concept drift refers to the phenomenon that the distribution generating the observed data changes over time. If drift is present, machine learning models can become inaccurate and need adjustment. While there do exist methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Fabian Hinder , Valerie Vaquet , Johannes Brinkrolf , Barbara Hammer

Learning from previously collected datasets of expert data offers the promise of acquiring robotic policies without unsafe and costly online explorations. However, a major challenge is a distributional shift between the states in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Alfredo Reichlin , Giovanni Luca Marchetti , Hang Yin , Ali Ghadirzadeh , Danica Kragic

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains challenging for deep learning models, particularly when test-time OOD samples differ significantly from training outliers. We propose OODD, a novel test-time OOD detection method that dynamically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yifeng Yang , Lin Zhu , Zewen Sun , Hengyu Liu , Qinying Gu , Nanyang Ye

The dominating NLP paradigm of training a strong neural predictor to perform one task on a specific dataset has led to state-of-the-art performance in a variety of applications (eg. sentiment classification, span-prediction based question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Paul Michel