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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for image understanding tasks, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by significant architectural heterogeneity across model families. This paper introduces UVLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Joan Perez , Giovanni Fusco

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved significant progress in integrating visual and textual inputs for multimodal reasoning. However, a recurring challenge is ensuring these models utilize visual information as effectively as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Estelle Aflalo , Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Tiep Le , Man Luo , Shachar Rosenman , Sayak Paul , Shao-Yen Tseng , Vasudev Lal

Current video analytics approaches face a fundamental trade-off between flexibility and efficiency. End-to-end Vision Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with long-context processing and incur high computational costs, while…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiangru Jian , Wei Pang , Zhengyuan Dong , Chao Zhang , M. Tamer Özsu

Data visualization is by far the most commonly used mechanism to explore data, especially by novice data analysts and data scientists. And yet, current visual analytics tools are rather limited in their ability to guide data scientists to…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Tarique Siddiqui , Albert Kim , John Lee , Karrie Karahalios , Aditya Parameswaran

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) scale well by expressing diverse tasks as sequences of discrete natural-language tokens and training with next-token prediction, which unifies comprehension and generation under self-supervision.…

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly enhanced their ability to integrate visual and linguistic information, achieving near-human proficiency in tasks like object recognition, captioning, and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhikai Wang , Jiashuo Sun , Wenqi Zhang , Zhiqiang Hu , Xin Li , Fan Wang , Deli Zhao

Humans apprehend the world through various sensory modalities, yet language is their predominant communication channel. Machine learning systems need to draw on the same multimodal richness to have informed discourses with humans in natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Min Wang , Ata Mahjoubfar , Anupama Joshi

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu

Comprehending long visual documents, where information is distributed across extensive pages of text and visual elements, is a critical but challenging task for modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Existing approaches falter on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Dawei Zhu , Rui Meng , Jiefeng Chen , Sujian Li , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Evaluating and Rethinking the current landscape of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), we observe that widely-used visual-language projection approaches (e.g., Q-former or MLP) focus on the alignment of image-text descriptions yet ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Min Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly adapted through domain-specific fine-tuning, yet it remains unclear whether this improves reasoning beyond superficial visual cues, particularly in high-stakes domains like medicine. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Oliver McLaughlin , Daniel Shubin , Carsten Eickhoff , Ritambhara Singh , William Rudman , Michal Golovanevsky

Vision language models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various downstream tasks. However, understanding fine-grained visual-linguistic concepts, such as attributes and inter-object relationships, remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wujian Peng , Sicheng Xie , Zuyao You , Shiyi Lan , Zuxuan Wu

Counting serves as a simple but powerful test of a Large Vision-Language Model's (LVLM's) reasoning; it forces the model to identify each individual object and then add them all up. In this study, we investigate how LVLMs implement counting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Liwei Che , Zhiyu Xue , Yihao Quan , Benlin Liu , Zeru Shi , Michelle Hurst , Jacob Feldman , Ruixiang Tang , Ranjay Krishna , Vladimir Pavlovic

Scientific literature is growing exponentially, creating a critical bottleneck for researchers to efficiently synthesize knowledge. While general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential in text processing, they often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Fengyu She , Nan Wang , Hongfei Wu , Ziyi Wan , Jingmian Wang , Chang Wang

Utilizing Visualization-oriented Natural Language Interfaces (V-NLI) as a complementary input modality to direct manipulation for visual analytics can provide an engaging user experience. It enables users to focus on their tasks rather than…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Leixian Shen , Enya Shen , Yuyu Luo , Xiaocong Yang , Xuming Hu , Xiongshuai Zhang , Zhiwei Tai , Jianmin Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, LLMs still struggle in the simulation domain, particularly in generating Simulink models, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Xinxing Ren , Qianbo Zang , Zekun Guo

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) offer remarkable benefits for a variety of vision-language tasks. However, a challenge hindering their application in real-world scenarios, particularly regarding safety, robustness, and reliability, is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jiaying Lu , Jinmeng Rao , Kezhen Chen , Xiaoyuan Guo , Yawen Zhang , Baochen Sun , Carl Yang , Jie Yang

While foundation models (FMs), such as diffusion models and large vision-language models (LVLMs), have been widely applied in educational contexts, their ability to generate pedagogically effective visual explanations remains limited. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haonian Ji , Shi Qiu , Siyang Xin , Siwei Han , Zhaorun Chen , Dake Zhang , Hongyi Wang , Huaxiu Yao

The potential of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often remains underutilized in handling complex text-based problems, particularly when these problems could benefit from visual representation. Resonating with humans' ability to solve complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Syeda Nahida Akter , Aman Madaan , Sangwu Lee , Yiming Yang , Eric Nyberg