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Code completion is a prominent application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering. Due to the near real-time response requirements of this task, base models with small to medium-sized parameters are typically employed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Dongjun Yu , Xiao Yan , Zhenrui Li , Jipeng Xiao , Haochuan He , Yongda Yu , Hao Zhang , Guoping Rong , Xiaobo Huang

Lack of experience, inadequate documentation, and sub-optimal API design frequently cause developers to make mistakes when re-using third-party implementations. Such API misuses can result in unintended behavior, performance losses, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sebastian Nielebock , Robert Heumüller , Kevin Michael Schott , Frank Ortmeier

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

Context: Various approaches aim to support program comprehension by automatically detecting algorithms in source code. However, no empirical evaluations of their helpfulness have been performed. Objective: To empirically evaluate how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Denis Neumüller , Alexander Raschke , Matthias Tichy

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial in modern software development. Large Language Models (LLMs) assist in automated code generation but often struggle with API hallucination, including invoking non-existent APIs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yujia Chen , Mingyu Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Zhihan Jiang , Zhongqi Li , Yuchi Ma

Ensuring that API implementations and usage comply with natural language programming rules is critical for software correctness, security, and reliability. Formal verification can provide strong guarantees but requires precise…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shihao Xia , Mengting He , Haomin Jia , Linhai Song

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced software engineering tasks but remains underexplored in unit test generation. To bridge this gap, we investigate the efficacy of RAG-based unit test generation for machine learning (ML/DL)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiho Shin , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Reem Aleithan , Hadi Hemmati , Song Wang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks have shown significant promise in leveraging external knowledge to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional RAG methods often retrieve documents based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

There is a growing need for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively use tools and external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to plan and complete tasks. As such, there is tremendous interest in methods that can acquire…

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to real-world code complexity is essential. Otherwise, there is a risk of overestimating LLMs' programming abilities based on simplistic benchmarks, only to be disappointed when using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yang Chen , Shuyang Liu , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

With the growing reliance on automated code completion tools in software development, the need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks has become critical. Existing benchmarks focus more on code completion in function and class level by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qinyun Wu , Chao Peng , Pengfei Gao , Ruida Hu , Haoyu Gan , Bo Jiang , Jinhe Tang , Zhiwen Deng , Zhanming Guan , Cuiyun Gao , Xia Liu , Ping Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable code generation capabilities but falter when adapting to frequent updates in external library APIs. This critical limitation, stemming from reliance on outdated API knowledge from their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Haoze Wu , Yunzhi Yao , Wenhao Yu , Ningyu Zhang

Repository-level code generation aims to generate code within the context of a specified repository. Existing approaches typically employ retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques to provide LLMs with relevant contextual information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yang Liu , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Zhuohang Wang , Donglin Wei , Zhishuo Yang , Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Lin Shi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a prominent method for incorporating domain knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). While RAG enhances response relevance by incorporating retrieved domain knowledge in the context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Kushagra Bhushan , Yatin Nandwani , Dinesh Khandelwal , Sonam Gupta , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely adopted for assisting in software development tasks, yet their performance evaluations have narrowly focused on the functional correctness of generated code. Human programmers, however, require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Peng , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Michael Lyu , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

Digital tool-based agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), that invoke external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) often rely on documentation to understand API functionality. However, such documentation is frequently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Bhrij Patel , Ashish Jagmohan , Aditya Vempaty

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automated code generation but typically excel only in simpler tasks such as generating standalone code units. Real-world software development, however, often involves complex code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Ge Li , Xianjie Shi , Zhi Jin

Intelligent assistants powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate program and test code with high accuracy, boosting developers' and testers' productivity. However, there is a lack of studies exploring LLMs for testing Web APIs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-09 André Pereira , Bruno Lima , João Pascoal Faria

Enterprise systems increasingly require natural language interfaces that can translate user requests into structured operations such as SQL queries and REST API calls. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michael Marketsmüller , Simon Martin , Tim Schlippe