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This paper introduces a system that integrates large language models (LLMs) into the clinical trial retrieval process, enhancing the effectiveness of matching patients with eligible trials while maintaining information privacy and allowing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Georgios Peikos , Pranav Kasela , Gabriella Pasi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract structured information from free-text clinical records, but prior work often focuses on single tasks, limited models, and English-language reports. We evaluated 15 open-weight…

Physician burnout in the United States has reached critical levels, driven in part by the administrative burden of Electronic Health Record (EHR) documentation and complex diagnostic codes. To relieve this strain and maintain strict patient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Peter Hartnett , Chung-Chi Huang , Sarah Hartnett , David Hartnett

Radiology reports capture crucial longitudinal information on tumor burden, treatment response, and disease progression, yet their unstructured narrative format complicates automated analysis. While large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Luc Builtjes , Alessa Hering

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated surprising performance across various natural language processing tasks. Recently, medical LLMs enhanced with domain-specific knowledge have exhibited excellent capabilities in medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jinqiang Wang , Huansheng Ning , Yi Peng , Qikai Wei , Daniel Tesfai , Wenwei Mao , Tao Zhu , Runhe Huang

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant interest in their potential to support human experts across a range of domains, including public health. In this work we present automated evaluations of LLMs for public…

Background: Structured information extraction from unstructured histopathology reports facilitates data accessibility for clinical research. Manual extraction by experts is time-consuming and expensive, limiting scalability. Large language…

This study applies Large Language Models (LLMs) to two foundational Electronic Health Record (EHR) data science tasks: structured data querying (using programmatic languages, Python/Pandas) and information extraction from unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Juan Jose Rubio Jan , Jack Wu , Julia Ive

Europe's healthcare systems require enhanced interoperability and digitalization, driving a demand for innovative solutions to process legacy clinical data. This paper presents the results of our project, which aims to leverage Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aynur Guluzade , Naguib Heiba , Zeyd Boukhers , Florim Hamiti , Jahid Hasan Polash , Yehya Mohamad , Carlos A Velasco

Clinicians often need to retrieve patient-specific information from electronic health records (EHRs), a task that is time-consuming and error-prone. We present a locally deployable Clinical Contextual Question Answering (CCQA) framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mikko Saukkoriipi , Nicole Hernandez , Jaakko Sahlsten , Kimmo Kaski , Otso Arponen

Natural language processing (NLP) is a key technology to extract important patient information from clinical narratives to support healthcare applications. The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized many NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Cheng Peng , Xinyu Dong , Mengxian Lyu , Daniel Paredes , Yaoyun Zhang , Yonghui Wu

Purpose: We investigated the utilization of privacy-preserving, locally-deployed, open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract diagnostic information from free-text cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reports. Materials and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sina Amirrajab , Volker Vehof , Michael Bietenbeck , Ali Yilmaz

The application of large language models (LLMs) to healthcare information extraction has emerged as a promising approach. This study evaluates the classification performance of five open-source LLMs: GEMMA-3-27B-IT, LLAMA3-70B, LLAMA4-109B,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yuting Guo , Abeed Sarker

Purpose: To develop and evaluate an automated system for extracting structured clinical information from unstructured radiology and pathology reports using open-weights large language models (LMs) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG),…

Extracting clinical information from medical transcripts in low-resource languages remains a significant challenge in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). This study evaluates a two-step pipeline combining Aya-expanse-8B as a…

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their adoption in the high-stakes domain of healthcare. Specifically, the application of LLMs in patient-trial matching, which involves assessing patient eligibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mauro Nievas , Aditya Basu , Yanshan Wang , Hrituraj Singh

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding. While demonstrating proficiency in everyday conversations and question-answering situations, these models frequently struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Chaoyi Wu , Weixiong Lin , Xiaoman Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Background: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer potential benefits in healthcare, particularly in processing extensive patient records. However, existing benchmarks do not fully assess LLMs' capability in handling…

Identifying medication discontinuations in electronic health records (EHRs) is vital for patient safety but is often hindered by information being buried in unstructured notes. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chong Shao , Douglas Snyder , Chiran Li , Bowen Gu , Kerry Ngan , Chun-Ting Yang , Jiageng Wu , Richard Wyss , Kueiyu Joshua Lin , Jie Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a key topic in AI and NLP, transforming sectors like healthcare, finance, education, and marketing by improving customer service, automating tasks, providing insights, improving diagnostics, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Vignesh Kumar Kembu , Pierandrea Morandini , Marta Bianca Maria Ranzini , Antonino Nocera
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