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Private Information Retrieval (PIR) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that enables users to retrieve data from a database without revealing which item is being accessed, thereby preserving query privacy. However, PIR protocols also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lin Zhu , Lingwei Kong , Xin Ning , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Private information retrieval (PIR) is the problem of privately retrieving one out of $M$ original files from $N$ severs, i.e., each individual server learns nothing about the file that the user is requesting. Usually, the $M$ files are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Jie Li , David Karpuk , Camilla Hollanti

User profiling is crucial in providing personalised services, as it relies on analysing user behaviour and preferences to deliver targeted services. This approach enhances user experience and promotes heightened engagement. Nevertheless,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-07 Imdad Ullah , Najm Hassan , Tariq Ahamed Ahangar , Zawar Hussain Shah , Mehregan Mahdavi , Andrew Levula

Although the security benefits of domain name encryption technologies such as DNS over TLS (DoT), DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) are clear, their positive impact on user privacy is weakened by--the still exposed--IP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Nguyen Phong Hoang , Arian Akhavan Niaki , Phillipa Gill , Michalis Polychronakis

The current Domain Name System (DNS), as a core infrastructure of the internet, exhibits several shortcomings: its centralized architecture leads to censorship risks and single points of failure, making domain name resolution vulnerable to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Guang Yang

DNS over TLS (DoT) and DNS over HTTPS (DoH) promise to improve privacy and security of DNS by encrypting DNS messages, especially when messages are padded to a uniform size. Firstly, to demonstrate the limitations of recommended padding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Michael Mühlhauser , Henning Pridöhl , Dominik Herrmann

Privacy of the outsourced data is one of the major challenge.Insecurity of the network environment and untrustworthiness of the service providers are obstacles of making the database as a service.Collection and storage of personally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-02 Divya G. Nair , V. P. Binu , G. Santhosh Kumar

In recent years, DNS over Encrypted (DoE) methods have been regarded as a novel trend within the realm of the DNS ecosystem. In these DoE methods, DNS over HTTPS (DoH) provides encryption to protect data confidentiality while providing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Cong Dong , Jiahai Yang , Yun Li , Yue Wu , Yufan Chen , Chenglong Li , Haoran Jiao , Xia Yin , Yuling Liu

DNS, one of the fundamental protocols of the TCP/IP stack, has evolved over the years to protect against threats and attacks. This study examines the risks associated with DNS and explores recent advancements that contribute towards making…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Levente Csikor , Dinil Mon Divakaran

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly popular and are influencing many application domains such as healthcare and transportation. These devices are used for real-world applications such as sensor monitoring, real-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ajesh Koyatan Chathoth , Abhyuday Jagannatha , Stephen Lee

Retrieving up-to-date information from a publicly accessible database poses significant threats to the user's privacy. {\em Private information retrieval} (PIR) protocols allow a user to retrieve any entry from a database, without revealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Liang Feng Zhang

The Domain Name System (DNS) is involved in practically all web activity, translating easy-to-remember domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Due to its central role on the Internet, DNS exposes user web activity in detail. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Philip Sjösvärd , Hongyu Jin , Panos Papadimitratos

The absence of security and privacy measures between DNS recursive resolvers and authoritative nameservers has been exploited by both on-path and off-path attackers. Although numerous security proposals have been introduced in practice and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ali Sadeghi Jahromi , AbdelRahman Abdou , Paul C. van Oorschot

We propose three private information retrieval (PIR) protocols for distributed storage systems (DSSs) where data is stored using an arbitrary linear code. The first two protocols, named Protocol 1 and Protocol 2, achieve privacy for the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Siddhartha Kumar , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Spectrum database-based cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have become the de facto approach for enabling unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to identify spectrum vacancies in channels owned by licensed primary users (PUs). Despite its merits,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Mohamed Grissa , Attila A. Yavuz , Bechir Hamdaoui

In Private Information Retrieval (PIR), one wants to download a file from a database without revealing to the database which file is being downloaded. Much attention has been paid to the case of the database being encoded across several…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Razane Tajeddine , Oliver W. Gnilke , David Karpuk , Ragnar Freij-Hollanti , Camilla Hollanti , Salim El Rouayheb

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) is a mechanism for efficiently downloading messages while keeping the index secret. Here, PIRs in which servers do not communicate with each other are called standard PIRs, and PIRs in which some servers…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Atsushi Miki , Yusuke Morishita , Toshiyasu Matsushima

In this paper, we study the performance of encrypted DNS protocols and conventional DNS from thousands of home networks in the United States, over one month in 2020. We perform these measurements from the homes of 2,693 participating…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Austin Hounsel , Paul Schmitt , Kevin Borgolte , Nick Feamster

The Domain Name System (DNS) service is one of the pillars of the Internet. This service allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy-to-remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. DNS acts as a directory…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Demétrio F. Boeira , Eder J. Scheid , Muriel F. Franco , Luciano Zembruzki , Lisandro Z. Granville

Interest in anonymous communication over distributed hash tables (DHTs) has increased in recent years. However, almost all known solutions solely aim at achieving sender or requestor anonymity in DHT queries. In many application scenarios,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Michael Backes , Ian Goldberg , Aniket Kate , Tomas Toft