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A commitment scheme is a cryptographic tool that allows one to commit to a hidden value, with the option to open it later at requested places without revealing the secret itself. Commitment schemes have important applications in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ihyun Nam

Currently used digital signatures based on asymmetric cryptography will be vulnerable to quantum computers running Shor's algorithm. In this work, we propose a new quantum-assisted digital signature protocol based on symmetric keys…

Current solutions to quantum vulnerabilities of widely used cryptographic schemes involve migrating users to post-quantum schemes before quantum attacks become feasible. This work deals with protecting quantum procrastinators: users that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Or Sattath , Shai Wyborski

As valuable digital assets, deep neural networks necessitate robust ownership protection, positioning neural network watermarking (NNW) as a promising solution. Among various NNW approaches, weight-based methods are favored for their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuan Yao , Jin Song , Jian Jin

We propose a quantum authentication and digital signature protocol whose security is founded on the Quantum Merlin Arthur~(QMA)-completeness of the consistency of local density matrices. The protocol functions as a true public-key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Le-Ran Liu , Min-Quan He , Dan-Bo Zhang , Z. D. Wang

Chosen-ciphertext security, which guarantees confidentiality of encrypted messages even in the presence of a decryption oracle, has become the defacto notion of security for public-key encryption under active attack. In this manuscript, for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Roohallah Rastaghi

Shor's shockingly fast quantum algorithm for solving the period-finding problem is a threat for the most common public-key primitives, as it can be efficiently applied to solve both the Integer Factorisation Problem and the Discrete…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Nicola Di Chiano , Riccardo Longo , Alessio Meneghetti , Giordano Santilli

This survey is on forward-looking, emerging security concerns in post-quantum era, i.e., the implementation attacks for 2022 winners of NIST post-quantum cryptography (PQC) competition and thus the visions, insights, and discussions can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Alvaro Cintas Canto , Jasmin Kaur , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani , Reza Azarderakhsh

The general principle for a quantum signature scheme is proposed and investigated based on ideas from classical signature schemes and quantum cryptography. The suggested algorithm is implemented by a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Guihua Zeng , Christoph H. Keitel

The imminent realization of fault-tolerant quantum computing precipitates a systemic collapse of classical public-key infrastructure and necessitates an urgent transition to post-quantum cryptography. However, current standardization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xu Wang , Yiquan Wang , Tin-yeh Huang , Zhaorui Jiang , Kai Wei

A quantum encryption scheme (also called private quantum channel, or state randomization protocol) is a one-time pad for quantum messages. If two parties share a classical random string, one of them can transmit a quantum state to the other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andris Ambainis , Adam Smith

Encryption schemes attempt to provide a means for entities to communicate confidentially over a public channel. Such schemes have been studied for centuries, and their use has become widespread. However, developments in the area of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Michael Stephen Brown

The quantum threat to cybersecurity has accelerated the standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Migrating legacy software to these quantum-safe algorithms is not a simple library swap, but a new software engineering challenge:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lei Zhang

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Arathi Arakala , Amy Beth Corman , Asha Rao

Quantum computing is a significant risk to classical cryptographic, especially RSA, which depends on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. Classical factorization methods, such as Trial Division and Pollard's Rho, are inefficient for…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Md. Ismiel Hossen Abir

The paper explains that post-quantum cryptography is necessary due to the introduction of quantum computing causing certain algorithms to be broken. We analyze the different types of post-quantum cryptography, quantum cryptography and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Marel Alvarado , Luke Gayler , Alex Seals , Tao Wang , Tao Hou

Quantum-mechanical devices have the potential to transform cryptography. Most research in this area has focused either on the information-theoretic advantages of quantum protocols or on the security of classical cryptographic schemes…

We introduce a new type of cryptographic primitive that we call hiding fingerprinting. A (quantum) fingerprinting scheme translates a binary string of length $n$ to $d$ (qu)bits, typically $d\ll n$, such that given any string $y$ and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Dmytro Gavinsky , Tsuyoshi Ito

We propose a Fourier domain asymmetric cryptosystem for multimodal biometric security. One modality of biometrics (such as face) is used as the plaintext, which is encrypted by another modality of biometrics (such as fingerprint). A private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Debesh Choudhury

Although quantum machine learning has shown great promise, the practical application of quantum computers remains constrained in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. To take advantage of quantum machine learning, we investigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Shaozhi Li , M Sabbir Salek , Mashrur Chowdhury , Yao Wang