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Graph data in real-world scenarios undergo rapid and frequent changes, making it challenging for existing graph models to effectively handle the continuous influx of new data and accommodate data withdrawal requests. The approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiaxing Miao , Liang Hu , Qi Zhang , Longbing Cao

In recent years, we have witnessed the proliferation of knowledge graphs (KG) in various domains, aiming to support applications like question answering, recommendations, etc. A frequent task when integrating knowledge from different KGs is…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Nikolaos Fanourakis , Vasilis Efthymiou , Dimitris Kotzinos , Vassilis Christophides

Continual learning in computer vision faces the critical challenge of catastrophic forgetting, where models struggle to retain prior knowledge while adapting to new tasks. Although recent studies have attempted to leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xusheng Cao , Haori Lu , Linlan Huang , Fei Yang , Xialei Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng

Knowledge graph (KG) reasoning is a task that aims to predict unknown facts based on known factual samples. Reasoning methods can be divided into two categories: rule-based methods and KG-embedding based methods. The former possesses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fengsong Sun , Jinyu Wang , Zhiqing Wei , Xianchao Zhang

Graph generation is a fundamental task with broad applications, such as drug discovery. Recently, discrete flow matching-based graph generation, \aka, graph flow model (GFM), has emerged due to its superior performance and flexible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Baoheng Zhu , Deyu Bo , Delvin Ce Zhang , Xiao Wang

Recently, there has been significant interest in replacing the reward model in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) methods for Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) and its variants. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Jian Li , Haojing Huang , Yujia Zhang , Pengfei Xu , Xi Chen , Rui Song , Lida Shi , Jingwen Wang , Hao Xu

The class of direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for solving the alignment problem in foundation models. These algorithms work with very limited feedback in the form of pairwise preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Luca Viano , Ruida Zhou , Yifan Sun , Mahdi Namazifar , Volkan Cevher , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

There has been a surge of interest in utilizing Knowledge Graphs (KGs) for various natural language processing/understanding tasks. The conventional mechanism to retrieve facts in KGs usually involves three steps: entity span detection,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Jinheon Baek , Alham Fikri Aji , Jens Lehmann , Sung Ju Hwang

Recently, Hyper-relational Knowledge Graphs (HKGs) have been proposed as an extension of traditional Knowledge Graphs (KGs) to better represent real-world facts with additional qualifiers. As a result, researchers have attempted to adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yubo Wang , Shimin Di , Zhili Wang , Haoyang Li , Fei Teng , Hao Xin , Lei Chen

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for reasoning in language models, with GRPO as its primary example. However, GRPO requires continuous online rollout generation, making it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Richa Verma , Balaraman Ravindran

A key challenge in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) lies in the intractability of their likelihood functions, which are essential for the RL objective, necessitating corresponding approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nianyi Lin , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

We study the problem of learning to reason in large scale knowledge graphs (KGs). More specifically, we describe a novel reinforcement learning framework for learning multi-hop relational paths: we use a policy-based agent with continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wenhan Xiong , Thien Hoang , William Yang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a form of deep learning that enable a wide range of machine learning applications on graph-structured data. The learning of GNNs, however, is known to pose challenges for memory-constrained devices such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Jeroen Bollen , Jasper Steegmans , Jan Van den Bussche , Stijn Vansummeren

Graph incremental learning (GIL), which continuously updates graph models by sequential knowledge acquisition, has garnered significant interest recently. However, existing GIL approaches focus on task-incremental and class-incremental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zihao Guo , Qingyun Sun , Ziwei Zhang , Haonan Yuan , Huiping Zhuang , Xingcheng Fu , Jianxin Li

Knowledge graphs are used to represent relational information in terms of triples. To enable learning about domains, embedding models, such as tensor factorization models, can be used to make predictions of new triples. Often there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Bahare Fatemi , Siamak Ravanbakhsh , David Poole

Graph Machine Learning is essential for understanding and analyzing relational data. However, privacy-sensitive applications demand the ability to efficiently remove sensitive information from trained graph neural networks (GNNs), avoiding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Bowen Fan , Yuming Ai , Xunkai Li , Zhilin Guo , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) constructs the Knowledge Graph (KG) from external databases to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of Large Language Model (LLM) generations. However, this reliance on external data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qizhi Chen , Chao Qi , Yihong Huang , Muquan Li , Rongzheng Wang , Dongyang Zhang , Ke Qin , Shuang Liang

Large language model reasoning is often treated as a monolithic capability, relying on binary preference supervision that fails to capture partial progress or fine-grained reasoning quality. We introduce Continuous Utility Direct Preference…

Complex node interactions are common in knowledge graphs, and these interactions also contain rich knowledge information. However, traditional methods usually treat a triple as a training unit during the knowledge representation learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Bin He , Di Zhou , Jinghui Xiao , Xin jiang , Qun Liu , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Tong Xu