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In many areas, practitioners seek to use observational data to learn a treatment assignment policy that satisfies application-specific constraints, such as budget, fairness, simplicity, or other functional form constraints. For example,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Susan Athey , Stefan Wager

Marginal structural models are a popular tool for investigating the effects of time-varying treatments, but they require an assumption of no unobserved confounders between the treatment and outcome. With observational data, this assumption…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-10 Matthew Blackwell , Soichiro Yamauchi

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) is an important research area that aims to understand and recognize human sentiment through multiple modalities. The complementary information provided by multimodal fusion promotes better sentiment…

Inverse optimal control can be used to characterize behavior in sequential decision-making tasks. Most existing work, however, is limited to fully observable or linear systems, or requires the action signals to be known. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Dominik Straub , Matthias Schultheis , Heinz Koeppl , Constantin A. Rothkopf

This work focuses on learning useful and robust deep world models using multiple, possibly unreliable, sensors. We find that current methods do not sufficiently encourage a shared representation between modalities; this can cause poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Kaiqi Chen , Yong Lee , Harold Soh

In observational studies, identification of ATEs is generally achieved by assuming that the correct set of confounders has been measured and properly included in the relevant models. Because this assumption is both strong and untestable, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-18 Matteo Bonvini , Edward H Kennedy

Recent literature on policy learning has primarily focused on regret bounds of the learned policy. We provide a new perspective by developing a unified semiparametric efficiency framework for policy learning, allowing for general treatments…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-10 Yue Fang , Geert Ridder , Haitian Xie

We propose a novel unsupervised framework for \emph{Invariant Risk Minimization} (IRM), extending the concept of invariance to settings where labels are unavailable. Traditional IRM methods rely on labeled data to learn representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yotam Norman , Ron Meir

Approximating model predictive control (MPC) policy using expert-based supervised learning techniques requires labeled training data sets sampled from the MPC policy. This is typically obtained by sampling the feasible state-space and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Dinesh Krishnamoorthy

This paper studies algorithmic decision-making in the presence of strategic individual behaviors, where an ML model is used to make decisions about human agents and the latter can adapt their behavior strategically to improve their future…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Tian Xie , Xueru Zhang

We study the problem of inferring substitutable and complementary items, which underpins applications such as alternative and follow-up purchase suggestions. Existing approaches typically learn from behavior-derived item-item associations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Junting Wang , Chenghuan Guo , Jiao Yang , Yanhui Guo , Hari Sundaram , Yan Gao

While reinforcement learning has shown experimental success in a number of applications, it is known to be sensitive to noise and perturbations in the parameters of the system, leading to high variance in the total reward amongst different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Erfaun Noorani , Christos Mavridis , John Baras

We consider a model of unreliable or crowdsourced data where there is an underlying set of $n$ binary variables, each evaluator contributes a (possibly unreliable or adversarial) estimate of the values of some subset of $r$ of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Michela Meister , Gregory Valiant

Data-driven methods for personalizing treatment assignment have garnered much attention from clinicians and researchers. Dynamic treatment regimes formalize this through a sequence of decision rules that map individual patient…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Eric J. Rose , Erica E. M. Moodie , Susan Shortreed

Standard imitation learning can fail when the expert demonstrators have different sensory inputs than the imitating agent. This is because partial observability gives rise to hidden confounders in the causal graph. In previous work, to work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Risto Vuorio , Pim de Haan , Johann Brehmer , Hanno Ackermann , Daniel Dijkman , Taco Cohen

When drawing causal inference from observational data, there is always concern about unmeasured confounding. One way to tackle this is to conduct a sensitivity analysis. One widely-used sensitivity analysis framework hypothesizes the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Bo Zhang , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen

Observational studies provide invaluable opportunities to draw causal inference, but they may suffer from biases due to pretreatment difference between treated and control units. Matching is a popular approach to reduce observed covariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Xinran Li

Meta-reinforcement learning enables artificial agents to learn from related training tasks and adapt to new tasks efficiently with minimal interaction data. However, most existing research is still limited to narrow task distributions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Mingyang Wang , Zhenshan Bing , Xiangtong Yao , Shuai Wang , Hang Su , Chenguang Yang , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

The high sample complexity of reinforcement learning challenges its use in practice. A promising approach is to quickly adapt pre-trained policies to new environments. Existing methods for this policy adaptation problem typically rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yuda Song , Aditi Mavalankar , Wen Sun , Sicun Gao

Scenarios requiring humans to choose from multiple seemingly optimal actions are commonplace, however standard imitation learning often fails to capture this behavior. Instead, an over-reliance on replicating expert actions induces…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Hanbit Oh , Hikaru Sasaki , Brendan Michael , Takamitsu Matsubara