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The rapid development of large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, has resulted in the widespread presence of LLM-generated content on social media platforms, raising concerns about misinformation, data biases, and privacy violations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zihao Cheng , Li Zhou , Feng Jiang , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

LLMs are increasingly embedded in programming workflows, from code generation to automated code review. Yet, how gendered communication styles interact with LLM-assisted programming and code review remains underexplored. We present a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Lynn Janzen , Üveys Eroglu , Dorothea Kolossa , Pia Knöferle , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt , Veronika Solopova

Content moderation research has recently made significant advances, but remains limited in serving the majority of the world's languages due to the lack of resources, leaving millions of vulnerable users to online hostility. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Fitsum Gaim , Hoyun Song , Huije Lee , Changgeon Ko , Eui Jun Hwang , Jong C. Park

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our daily lives, but numerous concerns about bias in LLMs exist. This study examines how gender-diverse populations perceive bias, accuracy, and trustworthiness in LLMs,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aimen Gaba , Emily Wall , Tejas Ramkumar Babu , Yuriy Brun , Kyle Hall , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

Misogyny and sexism are growing problems in social media. Advances have been made in online sexism detection but the systems are often uninterpretable. SemEval-2023 Task 10 on Explainable Detection of Online Sexism aims at increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Konstantin Chernyshev , Ekaterina Garanina , Duygu Bayram , Qiankun Zheng , Lukas Edman

Online conversations can be toxic and subjected to threats, abuse, or harassment. To identify toxic text comments, several deep learning and machine learning models have been proposed throughout the years. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Md Azim Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating content that exhibits gender biases, raising significant ethical concerns. Alignment, the process of fine-tuning LLMs to better align with desired behaviors, is recognized as an effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Yuxiang Xiao , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , James Foulds , Shimei Pan

The digital age has expanded social media and online forums, allowing free expression for nearly 45% of the global population. Yet, it has also fueled online harassment, bullying, and harmful behaviors like hate speech and toxic comments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Vuong M. Ngo , Cach N. Dang , Kien V. Nguyen , Mark Roantree

Clinical documentation can contain emotionally charged language with stigmatizing or privileging valences. We present a framework for detecting and classifying such language as stigmatizing, privileging, or neutral. We constructed a curated…

The prevalence and impact of toxic discussions online have made content moderation crucial.Automated systems can play a vital role in identifying toxicity, and reducing the reliance on human moderation.Nevertheless, identifying toxic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Senjuti Dutta , Sid Mittal , Sherol Chen , Deepak Ramachandran , Ravi Rajakumar , Ian Kivlichan , Sunny Mak , Alena Butryna , Praveen Paritosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate overly cautious and vague responses on sensitive topics, sacrificing helpfulness for safety. Existing evaluation frameworks lack systematic methods to identify and address specific weaknesses in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Juhyun Oh , Nayeon Lee , Chani Jung , Jiho Jin , Junho Myung , Jongwon Lee , Taeui Song , Alice Oh

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Han Wang , Ming Shan Hee , Md Rabiul Awal , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

The rise of social media has significantly increased the prevalence of cyberbullying (CB), posing serious risks to both mental and physical well-being. Effective detection systems are essential for mitigating its impact. While several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Tabia Tanzin Prama , Jannatul Ferdaws Amrin , Md. Mushfique Anwar , Iqbal H. Sarker

This work provides an explanatory view of how LLMs can apply moral reasoning to both criticize and defend sexist language. We assessed eight large language models, all of which demonstrated the capability to provide explanations grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rongchen Guo , Isar Nejadgholi , Hillary Dawkins , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

This paper presents a multi-stage framework for detecting reclaimed slurs in multilingual social media discourse. It addresses the challenge of identifying reclamatory versus non-reclamatory usage of LGBTQ+-related slurs across English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Barathi Ganesh HB , Michal Ptaszynski , Rene Melendez , Juuso Eronen

In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the phenomenon of hate against women on social media platforms, particularly through the use of misogynous memes. These memes often target women with subtle and obscure cues, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Gitanjali Kumari , Kirtan Jain , Asif Ekbal

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in flagging harmful content in online communities. Yet, existing approaches for moderation require a separate model for every community and are opaque in their decision-making,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Agam Goyal , Xianyang Zhan , Yilun Chen , Koustuv Saha , Eshwar Chandrasekharan

We propose misogyny detection as an Argumentative Reasoning task and we investigate the capacity of large language models (LLMs) to understand the implicit reasoning used to convey misogyny in both Italian and English. The central aim is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Arianna Muti , Federico Ruggeri , Khalid Al-Khatib , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño , Tommaso Caselli