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Numerous quantum algorithms operate under the assumption that classical data has already been converted into quantum states, a process termed Quantum State Preparation (QSP). However, achieving precise QSP requires a circuit depth that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Yilun Zhao , Bingmeng Wang , Wenle Jiang , Xiwei Pan , Bing Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

In order to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation, we need to repeat the following sequence of four steps: First, perform 1 or 2 qubit quantum gates (in parallel if possible). Second, do a syndrome measurement on a subset of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Harry Buhrman , Marten Folkertsma , Bruno Loff , Niels M. P. Neumann

We propose a variational approach for preparing entangled quantum states on quantum computers. The methodology involves training a unitary operation to match with a target unitary using the Fubini-Study distance as a cost function. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Vu Tuan Hai , Nguyen Tan Viet , Le Bin Ho

Universal quantum computing with continuous variables requires non-Gaussian resources, in addition to a Gaussian set of operations. A known resource enabling universal quantum computation is the cubic phase state, a non-Gaussian state whose…

Bosonic qubits are a promising route to building fault-tolerant quantum computers on a variety of physical platforms. Studying the performance of bosonic qubits under realistic gates and measurements is challenging with existing analytical…

We describe and analyze algorithms for classically simulating measurement of an $n$-qubit quantum state $\psi$ in the standard basis, that is, sampling a bit string $x$ from the probability distribution $|\langle x|\psi\rangle|^2$. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Sergey Bravyi , David Gosset , Yinchen Liu

Loading classical data into quantum registers is one of the most important primitives of quantum computing. While the complexity of preparing a generic quantum state is exponential in the number of qubits, in many practical tasks the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Fereshte Mozafari , Giovanni De Micheli , Yuxiang Yang

Implementing quantum algorithms is essential for quantum computation. We study the implementation of three quantum algorithms by performing homodyne measurements on a two-dimensional temporal continuous-variable cluster state. We first…

Quantum computers are a highly promising tool for efficiently simulating quantum many-body systems. The preparation of their eigenstates is of particular interest and can be addressed, e.g., by quantum phase estimation algorithms. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Xiaoyu Liu , Benjamin F. Schiffer , Jordi Tura

Sparse quantum state preparation is a common subroutine in quantum algorithms, where classical data with few nonzero entries must be loaded into a quantum state. In this work, we consider the Grover-Rudolph algorithm, which has recently…

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

Upsampling of time series data is often associated with classical fast Fourier transform analysis, but it also can be employed in the preparation of a quantum state vector. The quantum circuit of preparation derived from functional data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-28 R. P. Erickson

Quantum algorithms require accurate representations of electronic states on a quantum device, yet the approximation of electronic wave functions for strongly correlated systems remains a profound theoretical challenge, with existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Dipanjali Halder , Dibyendu Mondal , Rahul Maitra

Classical simulation of quantum circuits is crucial for evaluating and validating the design of new quantum algorithms. However, the number of quantum state amplitudes increases exponentially with the number of qubits, leading to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-16 Xin-Chuan Wu , Sheng Di , Franck Cappello , Hal Finkel , Yuri Alexeev , Frederic T. Chong

In this paper, we propose two strategies for decreasing the error of arbitrary single-mode Gaussian transformations implemented using one-way quantum computation on a four-node linear cluster state. We show that it is possible to minimize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-11 E. R. Zinatullin , S. B. Korolev , A. D. Manukhova , T. Yu. Golubeva

We develop an adaptive method for quantum state preparation that utilizes randomness as an essential component and that does not require classical optimization. Instead, a cost function is minimized to prepare a desired quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Alicia B. Magann , Sophia E. Economou , Christian Arenz

Due to the unreliability and limited capacity of existing quantum computer prototypes, quantum circuit simulation continues to be a vital tool for validating next generation quantum computers and for studying variational quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Yipeng Huang , Steven Holtzen , Todd Millstein , Guy Van den Broeck , Margaret Martonosi

Efficient encoding of classical information plays a fundamental role in numerous practical quantum algorithms. However, the preparation of an arbitrary amplitude-encoded state has been proven to be time-consuming, and its deployment on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Chao Wang , Pengrui Zhou , Xi-Ning Zhuang , Ziwei Cui , Menghan Dou , Zhao-Yun Chen , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum data loading plays a central role in quantum algorithms and quantum information processing. Many quantum algorithms hinge on the ability to prepare arbitrary superposition states as a subroutine, with claims of exponential speedups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Chun-Tse Li , Hao-Chung Cheng

Machine learning tasks are an exciting application for quantum computers, as it has been proven that they can learn certain problems more efficiently than classical ones. Applying quantum machine learning algorithms to classical data can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Bernhard Jobst , Kevin Shen , Carlos A. Riofrío , Elvira Shishenina , Frank Pollmann