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We explore a method for improving the performance of large language models through self-reflection and reinforcement learning. By incentivizing the model to generate better self-reflections when it answers incorrectly, we demonstrate that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shelly Bensal , Umar Jamil , Christopher Bryant , Melisa Russak , Kiran Kamble , Dmytro Mozolevskyi , Muayad Ali , Waseem AlShikh

Recently, image-text matching has attracted more and more attention from academia and industry, which is fundamental to understanding the latent correspondence across visual and textual modalities. However, most existing methods implicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yang Qin , Yuan Sun , Dezhong Peng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Xi Peng , Peng Hu

Reward learning enables the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to tasks where reward is defined by human judgment, building a model of reward by asking humans questions. Most work on reward learning has used simulated environments,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Daniel M. Ziegler , Nisan Stiennon , Jeffrey Wu , Tom B. Brown , Alec Radford , Dario Amodei , Paul Christiano , Geoffrey Irving

Reinforcement learning is now widely adopted as the final stage of large language model training, especially for reasoning-style tasks such as maths problems. Typically, models attempt each question many times during a single training step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Thomas Foster , Anya Sims , Johannes Forkel , Mattie Fellows , Jakob Foerster

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly receive information as streams of passages, conversations, and long-context workflows. While longer context windows expose more evidence, they do not ensure that useful information is preserved and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zekun Wang , Anant Gupta , Zihan Dong , Christopher J. MacLellan

Reinforcement learning with human feedback for aligning large language models (LLMs) trains a reward model typically using ranking loss with comparison pairs.However, the training procedure suffers from an inherent problem: the uncontrolled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Hang Zhou , Chenglong Wang , Yimin Hu , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Jingbo Zhu

Continual learning (CL) aims to constantly learn new knowledge over time while avoiding catastrophic forgetting on old tasks. In this work, we focus on continual text classification under the class-incremental setting. Recent CL studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Dawei Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui , Sujian Li

In this paper, we investigate code-integrated reasoning, where models generate code when necessary and integrate feedback by executing it through a code interpreter. To acquire this capability, models must learn when and how to use external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fei Bai , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Zheng Liu , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Prompt-based Continual Learning (PCL) has gained considerable attention as a promising continual learning solution as it achieves state-of-the-art performance while preventing privacy violation and memory overhead issues. Nonetheless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Youngeun Kim , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Class-incremental learning (CIL) enables models to learn new classes progressively while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. Recent advances in this field have shifted towards parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoran Chen , Ping Wang , Zihan Zhou , Xu Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Continual learning aims at incrementally acquiring new knowledge while not forgetting existing knowledge. To overcome catastrophic forgetting, methods are either rehearsal-based, i.e., store data examples from previous tasks for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingyang Wang , Heike Adel , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Hinrich Schütze

Optimizing instructions for large language models (LLMs) is critical for harnessing their full potential in complex and diverse tasks. However, relying solely on white-box approaches demands extensive computational resources and offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yanwei Ren , Liu Liu , Baosheng Yu , Jiayan Qiu , Quan Chen

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially when combined with reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training methods. While longer reasoning traces can improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Ming Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

We propose integration of reasoning into speech large language models (speechLLMs) for the end-to-end slot-filling task. Inspired by the recent development of reasoning LLMs, we use a chain-of-thought framework to decompose the slot-filling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Kadri Hacioglu , Manjunath K E , Andreas Stolcke

Recently, advanced large language models (LLMs) have emerged at an increasingly rapid pace. However, when faced with complex problems, most users are often unable to provide accurate and effective prompts to interact with LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xueyuan Lin , Haoming Liu , Tiesunlong Shen , Jiapu Wang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Multimodal reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs) typically relies on a two-stage process: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). In standard SFT, all tokens contribute equally to the loss, even though reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shaked Perek , Ben Wiesel , Avihu Dekel , Nimrod Shabtay , Eli Schwartz

Recent Prompt-based Continual learning (PCL) has achieved remarkable performance with pre-trained models. These approaches expand a prompt pool by adding a new set of prompts while learning and select the correct set during inference.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Qian Feng , Da-wei Zhou , Hanbin Zhao , Chao Zhang , Jiahua Dong , Dengxin Dai , Hui Qian

Reasoning models excel in complex problem solving but exhibit a concerning trade off between reasoning capabilities and instruction following abilities. Existing approaches for improving instruction following rely on stronger external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Bowei Zhang , Jie Zeng , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods usually treat reward functions as black boxes. As such, these methods must extensively interact with the environment in order to discover rewards and optimal policies. In most RL applications, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Toryn Q. Klassen , Richard Valenzano , Sheila A. McIlraith

Continual Learning aims to learn a single model on a sequence of tasks without having access to data from previous tasks. The biggest challenge in the domain still remains catastrophic forgetting: a loss in performance on seen classes of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Muhammad Gul Zain Ali Khan , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Luc Van Gool , Didier Stricker , Federico Tombari , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal