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Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational challenges when processing long contexts due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. While soft context compression methods, which map input text to smaller latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Gabriele Berton , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Son Tran , Mubarak Shah

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable performance for cross-modal understanding and generation, yet still suffer from severe inference costs. Recently, abundant works have been proposed to solve this problem with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zichen Wen , Yifeng Gao , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has laid the foundation for multimodal models. However, visual language models (VLMs) still face heavy computational costs when extended from images to videos due to high frame rates and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Peiran Wu , Zhuorui Yu , Yunze Liu , Chi-Hao Wu , Enmin Zhou , Junxiao Shen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are becoming increasingly popular, while the high computational cost associated with multimodal data input, particularly from visual tokens, poses a significant challenge. Existing training-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xudong Tan , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Jianjian Cao , Yaoxin Yang , Lin Zhang , Dongzhan Zhou , Tao Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in visual understanding and reasoning, but the excessive visual tokens lead to high inference costs. Although recent token reduction methods mitigate this issue, they mainly target single-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yi Wang , Haofei Zhang , Qihan Huang , Anda Cao , Gongfan Fang , Wei Wang , Xuan Jin , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

Classical visual coding and Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) token technology share the core objective - maximizing information fidelity while minimizing computational cost. Therefore, this paper reexamines MLLM token technology,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jinming Liu , Junyan Lin , Yuntao Wei , Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Jianguo Huang , Xudong Yang , Zhibo Chen , Huan Wang , Xin Jin

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant breakthroughs in video understanding. However, existing models still struggle with long video processing due to the context length constraint of LLMs and the vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haoran Hao , Jiaming Han , Yiyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has led to remarkable performances across various domains. However, this progress is accompanied by a substantial surge in the resource consumption of these models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Dingjie Song , Wenjun Wang , Shunian Chen , Xidong Wang , Michael Guan , Benyou Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising progress in understanding and analyzing video content. However, processing long videos remains a significant challenge constrained by LLM's context size. To address this…

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance the capabilities of standard large language models by integrating and processing data from multiple modalities, including text, vision, audio, video, and 3D environments. Data plays a pivotal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Tianyi Bai , Hao Liang , Binwang Wan , Yanran Xu , Xi Li , Shiyu Li , Ling Yang , Bozhou Li , Yifan Wang , Bin Cui , Ping Huang , Jiulong Shan , Conghui He , Binhang Yuan , Wentao Zhang

Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for complex natural language tasks typically requires long-form prompts to convey detailed requirements and information, which results in increased memory usage and inference costs. To mitigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zongqian Li , Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision, language, and video understanding tasks, scaling them to long-form speech remains a critical bottleneck due to the explosive growth of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Junseok Lee , Sangyong Lee , Chang-Jae Chun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been widely applied in speech and music. This tendency has led to a focus on audio tokenization for Large Models (LMs). Unlike semantic-only text tokens, audio tokens must both capture global…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lu Wang , Hao Chen , Siyu Wu , Zhiyue Wu , Hao Zhou , Chengfeng Zhang , Ting Wang , Haodi Zhang

Video Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capability of understanding the video semantics on various downstream tasks. Despite the advancements, there is still a lack of systematic research on visual context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yifan Du , Yuqi Huo , Kun Zhou , Zijia Zhao , Haoyu Lu , Han Huang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a critical and fast-growing extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that enable multimodal reasoning through both text and image inputs. Although VLMs enrich the capabilities of language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yingbing Huang , Tharun Adithya Srikrishnan , Steven K. Reinhardt , Deming Chen

Video-based multimodal large language models (Video-LLMs) possess significant potential for video understanding tasks. However, most Video-LLMs treat videos as a sequential set of individual frames, which results in insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Xiaohan Lan , Yitian Yuan , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encounter significant computational and memory bottlenecks from the massive number of visual tokens generated by high-resolution images or multi-image inputs. Previous token compression techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaying Zhu , Yurui Zhu , Xin Lu , Wenrui Yan , Dong Li , Kunlin Liu , Xueyang Fu , Zheng-Jun Zha

Cropping high-resolution document images into multiple sub-images is the most widely used approach for current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to do document understanding. Most of current document understanding methods preserve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Renshan Zhang , Yibo Lyu , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie