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Block-chain world is very dynamic and there is need for strong governance and underlying technology architecture to be robust to face challenges. This paper considers Ethereum, a leading block chain. We deep dive into the nature of this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-21 G. Hall , M. Mansi , I. Makrant

In recent years, we have seen a great deal of both academic and practical interest in the topic of vulnerabilities in smart contracts, particularly those developed for the Ethereum blockchain. While most of the work has focused on detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Daniel Perez , Benjamin Livshits

The aim of this work is to study the use of decentralization and smart contracts on blockchain networks. We investigate the implementation and use of smart contracts on the platforms Bitcoin, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. Additionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Theodosis Mourouzis , Jayant Tandon

Scalability is a common issue among the most used permissionless blockchains, and several approaches have been proposed to solve this issue. Tackling scalability while preserving the security and decentralization of the network is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Tarun Mohandas-Daryanani , Jose L. Muñoz-Tapia , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

Half a decade after Bitcoin became the first widely used cryptocurrency, blockchains are receiving considerable interest from industry and the research community. Modern blockchains feature services such as name registration and smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Luke Anderson , Ralph Holz , Alexander Ponomarev , Paul Rimba , Ingo Weber

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They are immutable and cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. Therefore, ensuring smart contracts are bug-free and well-designed before deploying them to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Jiachi Chen , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

We investigate a family of bugs in blockchain-based smart contracts, which we call event-ordering (or EO) bugs. These bugs are intimately related to the dynamic ordering of contract events, i.e., calls of its functions on the blockchain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Aashish Kolluri , Ivica Nikolic , Ilya Sergey , Aquinas Hobor , Prateek Saxena

Ethereum prospered the inception of a plethora of smart contract applications, ranging from gambling games to decentralized finance. However, Ethereum is also considered a highly adversarial environment, where vulnerable smart contracts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Christof Ferreira Torres , Ramiro Camino , Radu State

Following the birth of Bitcoin and the introduction of the Ethereum ERC20 protocol a decade ago, recent years have witnessed a growing number of cryptographic tokens that are being introduced by researchers, private sector companies and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-20 Shahar Somin , Goren Gordon , Alex Pentland , Erez Shmueli , Yaniv Altshuler

The evaluation of smart contract reputability is essential to foster trust in decentralized ecosystems. However, existing methods that rely solely on code analysis or transactional data, offer limited insight into evolving trustworthiness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Cyrus Malik , Josef Bajada , Joshua Ellul

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

Ethereum faces growing fraud threats. Current fraud detection methods, whether employing graph neural networks or sequence models, fail to consider the semantic information and similarity patterns within transactions. Moreover, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jianguo Sun , Yifan Jia , Yanbin Wang , Yiwei Liu , Zhang Sheng , Ye Tian

Cryptocurrency is a well-developed blockchain technology application that is currently a heated topic throughout the world. The public availability of transaction histories offers an opportunity to analyze and compare different…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-08-28 Jiaqi Liang , Linjing Li , Daniel Zeng

The rise of decentralized applications (dApps) has made smart contracts imperative components of blockchain technology. As many smart contracts process financial transactions, their security is paramount. Moreover, the immutability of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Khalid Hassan , Saeed Moradi , Shaiful Chowdhury , Sara Rouhani

The main problem faced by smart contract platforms is the amount of time and computational power required to reach consensus. In a classical blockchain model, each operation is in fact performed by each node, both to update the status and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Alessio Meneghetti , Tommaso Parise , Massimiliano Sala , Daniele Taufer

In this work we propose Dynamit, a monitoring framework to detect reentrancy vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts. The novelty of our framework is that it relies only on transaction metadata and balance data from the blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Mojtaba Eshghie , Cyrille Artho , Dilian Gurov

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, various blockchain systems are exhibiting vitality and potential. As a representative of Blockchain 3.0, the EOS blockchain has been regarded as a strong competitor to Ethereum.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Haiyang Liu , Yingjie Mao , Xiaoqi Li

The proxy pattern is a well-known design pattern with numerous use cases in several sectors of the software industry. As such, the use of the proxy pattern is also a common approach in the development of complex decentralized applications…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Amir M. Ebrahimi , Bram Adams , Gustavo A. Oliva , Ahmed E. Hassan

The problem of a single point of failure in centralized systems poses a great challenge to the stability of such systems. Meanwhile, the tamperability of data within centralized systems makes users reluctant to trust and use centralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ka Wai Wu

While blockchains initially gained popularity in the realm of cryptocurrencies, their widespread adoption is expanding beyond conventional applications, driven by the imperative need for enhanced data security. Despite providing a secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Faisal Haque Bappy , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Mir Mehedi Ahsan Pritom , Tariqul Islam