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We show by explicit computations that there is a superficial inconsistency between the conventional first law of black hole thermodynamics and Bekenstein-Hawking area law for three types of regular black holes. The corrected form of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-23 Meng-Sen Ma , Ren Zhao

As in thermodynamics, the celebrated first law of black hole mechanics relates infinitesimal changes in the properties of nearby equilibrium states of black holes (without reference to any physical process that causes the transition). Using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Daniel E. Paraizo , Jonathan Shu

The first law of black hole mechanics has been the main motivation for investigating thermodynamic properties of black holes. The first version of this law was proved in \cite{Bardeen:1973gs} by considering perturbations of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-09 Lorenzo Rossi

We address a long-standing problem of describing the thermodynamics of a charged accelerating black hole. We derive a standard first law of black hole thermodynamics, with the usual identification of entropy proportional to the area of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-03 Michael Appels , Ruth Gregory , David Kubiznak

The thermodynamic inconsistency observed in regular black holes is resolved through the framework of reduced thermodynamic phase spaces. We demonstrate that regular black holes are essentially induced from singular black holes by adding an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Meng-Sen Ma , Huai-Fan Li , Jian-Hua Shi

After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-05 Jie Jiang , Aofei Sang , Ming Zhang

A unified first law of black-hole dynamics and relativistic thermodynamics is derived in spherically symmetric general relativity. This equation expresses the gradient of the active gravitational energy E according to the Einstein equation,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Sean A. Hayward

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-01 Bogeun Gwak , Bum-Hoon Lee

An energy conservation law is described, expressing the increase in mass-energy of a general black hole in terms of the energy densities of the infalling matter and gravitational radiation. For a growing black hole, this first law of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Sean A. Hayward

The problem of physical process version of the first law of black hole thermodynamics for charged rotating black hole in n-dimensional gravity is elaborated. The formulae for the first order variations of mass, angular momentum and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-19 Marek Rogatko

We investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic laws governing rotating regular black holes. By analyzing dynamic properties, i.e., the interaction between scalar particles and rotating regular black holes, we establish the criteria that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-21 Hao Yang , Chang-Jiang Yu , Yan-Gang Miao

Thermodynamics of a large family of black holes from electrovacuum solutions of Einstein's equations is studied. This family includes rotating and non-accelerating black holes with NUT charge, and rotating and accelerating black holes. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-20 Muhammad Bilal , K. Saifullah

The first law of black hole thermodynamics can be read off from the field equations at the horizon. Until now, for black holes with multiple horizons the field equations only at the outer horizon were employed with a particular constraint.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-21 Yongjoon Kwon , Soonkeon Nam

We obtain expressions for the mass and angular momenta of rotating black holes in anti-de Sitter backgrounds in four, five and higher dimensions. We verify explicitly that our expressions satisfy the first law of thermodynamics, thus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-08-09 G. W. Gibbons , M. J. Perry , C. N. Pope

We consider the first laws of thermodynamics for a pair of systems made up of the two horizons of a Kerr-Newman black hole. These two systems are constructed in such a way that we only demand their ``horizon areas'' to be the sum and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Q. Wu

As a simple but important example of dynamical black hole, we analysis the dynamical black hole in $n$-dimensional Vaidya spacetime in detail. We investigated the thermodynamics of field equation in $n$-dimensional Vaidya spacetime. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-12 Ji-Rong Ren , Ran Li

In black hole thermodynamics of certain models, the thermodynamic first law may contain the pressure term. The corresponding entropy follows the area law whereas the thermodynamic energy is not the same with the black hole mass. If the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-02 Edwin J. Son , Wontae Kim

We investigate both the ``physical process'' version of the first law and the second law of black hole thermodynamics for charged and rotating black holes. We begin by deriving general formulas for the first order variation in ADM mass and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Sijie Gao , Robert M. Wald

Recently we have shown [1604.08812] how to formulate a thermodynamic first law for a single (charged) accelerated black hole in AdS space by fixing the conical deficit angles present in the spacetime. Here we show how to generalise this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 Michael Appels , Ruth Gregory , David Kubiznak

Black hole thermodynamics provides a rare window into the elusive quantum nature of gravity. In the first-order formalism for gravitational theories, where torsion and gauge freedom are present, it has been suggested that the first law of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-15 O. Ramirez , Y. Bonder
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