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The growing popularity of machine learning (ML) and the integration of ML components with other software artifacts has led to the use of continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) tools, such as Travis CI, GitHub Actions, etc. that enable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dhia Elhaq Rzig , Alaa Houerbi , Rahul Ghanshyam Chavan , Foyzul Hassan

CI/CD practices play a significant role during collaborative software development by automating time-consuming and repetitive tasks such as testing, building, quality checking, dependency and security management. GitHub Actions, the CI/CD…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pooya Rostami Mazrae , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Mairieli Wessel

Numerous articles emphasize the benefits of implementing Continuous Integration and Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines in software development. These pipelines are expected to improve the reputation of a project and decrease the number of commits…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jeffrey Fairbanks , Akshharaa Tharigonda , Nasir U. Eisty

Continuous Integration (CI) is widely used to provide rapid feedback on code changes; however, CI build outcomes are not always reliable. Builds may fail intermittently due to non-deterministic factors, leading to flaky builds that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenhao Ge , Chen Zhang

The acceleration of software development and delivery requires rigorous continuous testing and deployment of software systems, which are being deployed in increasingly diverse, complex, and dynamic environments. In recent years, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Quentin Perez , Romain Lefeuvre , Thomas Degueule , Olivier Barais , Benoit Combemale

When a developer pushes a change to an application's codebase, a good practice is to have a test case specifying this behavioral change. Thanks to continuous integration (CI), the test is run on subsequent commits to check that they do no…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Benjamin Danglot , Martin Monperrus , Walter Rudametkin , Benoit Baudry

Continuous Integration (CI) is a development practice where developers frequently integrate code into a common codebase. After the code is integrated, the CI server runs a test suite and other tools to produce a set of reports (e.g., output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Thomas Durieux , Claire Le Goues , Michael Hilton , Rui Abreu

DevOps is a combination of methodologies and tools that improves the software development, build, deployment, and monitoring processes by shortening its lifecycle and improving software quality. Part of this process is CI/CD, which embodies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Hugo da Gião , André Flores , Rui Pereira , Jácome Cunha

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) is a well-established practice that automatically builds, tests, packages, and deploys software systems. To adopt CI/CD, software developers need to configure their projects using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Taher A. Ghaleb , Osamah Abduljalil , Safwat Hassan

Continuous integration is a software engineering practice of frequently merging all developer working copies with a shared main branch, e.g., several times a day. With the advent of GitHub, a platform well known for its "social coding"…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Bogdan Vasilescu , Stef van Schuylenburg , Jules Wulms , Alexander Serebrenik , Mark G. J. van den Brand

Continuous integration (CI) is a widely used practice in modern software engineering. Unfortunately, it is also an expensive practice - Google and Mozilla estimate their CI systems in millions of dollars. There are a number of techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Xianhao Jin , Francisco Servant

In 2006, Fowler and Foemmel defined ten core Continuous Integration (CI) practices that could increase the speed of software development feedback cycles and improve software quality. Since then, these practices have been widely adopted by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Omar Elazhary , Colin Werner , Ze Shi Li , Derek Lowlind , Neil Ernst , Margaret-Anne Storey

[Context] Microservices enable the decomposition of applications into small and independent services connected together. The independence between services could positively affect the development velocity of a project, which is considered an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Nyyti Saarimaki , Mikel Robredo , Sira vegas , Natalia Juristo , David Taibi , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) have become fundamental to modern software development, with GitHub Actions (GHA) emerging as a dominant automation platform. In this study, we analyze real-world execution records of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ali Khatami , Carolin Brandt , Andy Zaidman

In this paper, we study the benefits and challenges of monitoring Continuous Integration (CI) practices in software development. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of monitoring seven CI practices in industry using three organizations in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jadson Santos , Daniel Alencar da Costa , Uirá Kulesza

Background: User interface (UI) testing, which is used to verify the behavior of interactive elements in applications, plays an important role in software development and quality assurance. However, little is known about the adoption of UI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xiaoxiao Gan , Chris Brown

Continuous Integration (CI) is a cornerstone of modern software development. However, while widely adopted in traditional software projects, applying CI practices to Machine Learning (ML) projects presents distinctive characteristics. For…

Automated tools are frequently used in social coding repositories to perform repetitive activities that are part of the distributed software development process. Recently, GitHub introduced GitHub Actions, a feature providing automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Timothy Kinsman , Mairieli Wessel , Marco A. Gerosa , Christoph Treude

Continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) are nowadays at the core of software development. Their benefits come at the cost of setting up and maintaining the CI/CD pipeline, which requires knowledge and skills often orthogonal to those…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Antonio Mastropaolo , Fiorella Zampetti , Gabriele Bavota , Massimiliano Di Penta

Background. The rapid and growing popularity of machine learning (ML) applications has led to an increasing interest in MLOps, that is, the practice of continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) of ML-enabled systems. Aims. Since changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Fabio Calefato , Filippo Lanubile , Luigi Quaranta