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Edge training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a desirable goal for continuous learning; however, it is hindered by the enormous computational power required by training. Hardware approximate multipliers have shown their effectiveness for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jing Gong , Hassaan Saadat , Hasindu Gamaarachchi , Haris Javaid , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Sri Parameswaran

Precision scaling has emerged as a popular technique to optimize the compute and storage requirements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Efforts toward creating ultra-low-precision (sub-8-bit) DNNs suggest that the minimum precision required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Reena Elangovan , Shubham Jain , Anand Raghunathan

Approximate computing is an effective computing paradigm for improving the energy efficiency of error-tolerant applications. Approximate logic synthesis (ALS) is an automatic process to generate approximate circuits with reduced area,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Chang Meng , Weikang Qian , Giovanni De Micheli

Recent progress in deep learning has been driven by increasingly larger models. However, their computational and energy demands have grown proportionally, creating significant barriers to their deployment and to a wider adoption of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Pedro Savarese

Spatial approximations have been traditionally used in spatial databases to accelerate the processing of complex geometric operations. However, approximations are typically only used in a first filtering step to determine a set of candidate…

Adopting FPGA as an accelerator in datacenters is becoming mainstream for customized computing, but the fact that FPGAs are hard to program creates a steep learning curve for software programmers. Even with the help of high-level synthesis…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Cody Hao Yu , Min Gao , Jason Cong

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are very popular because of their high performance in various cognitive tasks in Machine Learning (ML). Recent advancements in DNNs have brought beyond human accuracy in many tasks, but at the cost of high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Giorgos Armeniakos , Georgios Zervakis , Dimitrios Soudris , Jörg Henkel

Design space exploration (DSE) is critical for developing optimized hardware architectures, especially for AI workloads such as deep neural networks (DNNs) and large language models (LLMs), which require specialized acceleration. As model…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Arkapravo Ghosh , Abhishek Moitra , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Ruokai Yin , Priyadarshini Panda

Recent advances in Capsule Networks (CapsNets) have shown their superior learning capability, compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the extremely high complexity of CapsNets limits their fast deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Alberto Marchisio , Vojtech Mrazek , Muhammad Abudllah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Edge computing has been emerging as a popular scenario for model inference. However, the inference performance on edge devices (e.g., Multi-Core DSP, FGPA, etc.) suffers from inefficiency due to the lack of highly optimized inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zhang Runhua , Jiang Hongxu , Tian Fangzheng , Geng Jinkun , Li Xiaobin , Ma Yuhang , Zhu Chenhui , Dong Dong , Li Xin , Wang Haojie

Edge computing enables data processing closer to the source, significantly reducing latency, an essential requirement for real-time vision-based analytics such as object detection in surveillance and smart city environments. However, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daghash K. Alqahtani , Maria A. Rodriguez , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Hamid Rezatofighi , Adel N. Toosi

Approximate computing is a research area where we investigate a wide spectrum of techniques to trade off computation accuracy for better performance or energy consumption. In this work, we provide a general introduction to approximate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-12-12 M. Ammar Ben Khadra

As spatial and temporal resolutions of scientific instruments improve, the explosion in the volume of data produced is becoming a key challenge. It can be a critical bottleneck for integration between scientific instruments at the edge and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-11-03 Kazutomo Yoshii , Rajesh Sankaran , Sebastian Strempfer , Maksim Levental , Mike Hammer , Antonino Miceli

In scientific computing, the acceleration of atomistic computer simulations by means of custom hardware is finding ever growing application. A major limitation, however, is that the high efficiency in terms of performance and low power…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-29 Varadarajan Rengaraj , Michael Lass , Christian Plessl , Thomas D. Kühne

The design of approximate adders has been widely researched to advance energy-efficient hardware for computation-intensive multimedia applications, such as image, audio, or video processing. The design of approximate adders has been widely…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hasnain A. Ziad , Ashiq A. Sakib

It is well known that exact notions of model abstraction and reduction for dynamical systems may not be robust enough in practice because they are highly sensitive to the specific choice of parameters. In this paper we consider this problem…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Luca Cardelli , Mirco Tribastone , Max Tschaikowski , Andrea Vandin

Approximate computing is a computation domain which can be used to trade time and energy with quality and therefore is useful in embedded systems. Energy is the prime resource in battery-driven embedded systems, like robots. Approximate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Hrishav Bakul Barua

Generation and exploration of approximate circuits and accelerators has been a prominent research domain to achieve energy-efficiency and/or performance improvements. This research has predominantly focused on ASICs, while not achieving…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Bharath Srinivas Prabakaran , Vojtech Mrazek , Zdenek Vasicek , Lukas Sekanina , Muhammad Shafique

Given the stringent requirements of energy efficiency for Internet-of-Things edge devices, approximate multipliers, as a basic component of many processors and accelerators, have been constantly proposed and studied for decades, especially…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Ying Wu , Chuangtao Chen , Weihua Xiao , Xuan Wang , Chenyi Wen , Jie Han , Xunzhao Yin , Weikang Qian , Cheng Zhuo

Edge-AI applications still face considerable challenges in enhancing computational efficiency in resource-constrained environments. This work presents RAMAN, a resource-efficient and approximate posit(8,2)-based Multiply-Accumulate (MAC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohd Faisal Khan , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma