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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models that can learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. A core challenge in CL is balancing stability -- preserving performance on old tasks -- and plasticity --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhenrong Liu , Janne M. J. Huttunen , Mikko Honkala

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), are indispensable for efficiently customizing Large Language Models (LLMs). However, vanilla LoRA suffers from slow convergence speed and knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Minrui Luo , Fuhang Kuang , Yu Wang , Zirui Liu , Tianxing He

Large language models (LLMs) can adapt to new tasks via in-context learning (ICL) without parameter updates, making them powerful learning engines for fast adaptation. While extensive research has examined ICL as a few-shot learner, whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Liuwang Kang , Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu , Hung-Chyun Chou , Chuan Lin , Ning Ding

Pre-trained models with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have demonstrated promising potential for class-incremental learning (CIL), yet catastrophic forgetting still persists when adapting models to new tasks. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fengqiang Wan , Yipeng Lin , Kan Lv , Yang Yang

General-purpose learning systems should improve themselves in open-ended fashion in ever-changing environments. Conventional learning algorithms for neural networks, however, suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF), i.e., previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Continual learning (CL) is a new online learning technique over sequentially generated streaming data from different tasks, aiming to maintain a small forgetting loss on previously-learned tasks. Existing work focuses on reducing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enhanced their versatility as they integrate a growing number of modalities. Considering the heavy cost of training MLLMs, it is efficient to reuse the existing ones and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dingkun Zhang , Shuhan Qi , Xinyu Xiao , Kehai Chen , Xuan Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted technique for fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models with minimal parameter updates. However, existing methods rely on fixed ranks or focus solely on either rank pruning or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Huandong Chang , Zicheng Ma , Mingyuan Ma , Zhenting Qi , Andrew Sabot , Hong Jiang , H. T. Kung

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He

Fine-tuning adapts a pre-trained model to downstream tasks using a small amount of labeled data. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient fine-tuning method that reduces memory and computation costs while often achieving performance close…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Zindari , Rotem Mulayoff , Sebastian U. Stich

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in multi-task scenarios. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Juzheng Zhang , Jiacheng You , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Existing work on continual learning (CL) is primarily devoted to developing algorithms for models trained from scratch. Despite their encouraging performance on contrived benchmarks, these algorithms show dramatic performance drops in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kuan-Ying Lee , Yuanyi Zhong , Yu-Xiong Wang

Foundation Models (FMs) have become the hallmark of modern AI, however, these models are trained on massive data, leading to financially expensive training. Updating FMs as new data becomes available is important, however, can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 James Seale Smith , Lazar Valkov , Shaunak Halbe , Vyshnavi Gutta , Rogerio Feris , Zsolt Kira , Leonid Karlinsky

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Continual fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by the trade-off between efficiency and expressiveness. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers efficiency but constrains the model's ability to learn new tasks and transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chenxu Wang , Yilin Lyu , Zicheng Sun , Liping Jing

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but still suffers from long contexts and disjoint retrieval-generation optimization. In this work, we propose CLaRa (Continuous Latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jie He , Richard He Bai , Sinead Williamson , Jeff Z. Pan , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for Continual Learning. It independently updates its low-rank factors ($A$ and $B$), creating a composite update to the full weight matrix through their interaction. To prevent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Cheng Chen , Pengpeng Zeng , Yuyu Guo , Lianli Gao , Hengtao Shen , Jingkuan Song

Self-supervised representation learning for point cloud has demonstrated effectiveness in improving pre-trained model performance across diverse tasks. However, as pre-trained models grow in complexity, fully fine-tuning them for downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Song Wang , Xiaolu Liu , Lingdong Kong , Jianyun Xu , Chunyong Hu , Gongfan Fang , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Xinchao Wang