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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a cost-effective solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), but it often produces overconfident predictions in data-scarce few-shot settings. To address this issue, several classical statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Amir Hossein Rahmati , Sanket Jantre , Weifeng Zhang , Yucheng Wang , Byung-Jun Yoon , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian

Fine-tuning is the primary methodology for tailoring pre-trained large language models to specific tasks. As the model's scale and the diversity of tasks expand, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods are of paramount importance. One of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Wenhan Xia , Chengwei Qin , Elad Hazan

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computation and memory costs. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, offers an efficient solution by optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Li , Zhengbao He , Yujun Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xiaolin Huang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but it is notably ineffective at removing backdoor behaviors from poisoned pretrained models when fine-tuning on clean dataset. Contrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hoang-Chau Luong , Lingwei Chen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with Low-Rank adaption (LoRA) is widely acknowledged as an effective approach for continual learning for new tasks. However, it often suffers from catastrophic forgetting when dealing with multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jialin Liu , Jianhua Wu , Jie Liu , Yutai Duan

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Continual learning (CL) is a fundamental topic in machine learning, where the goal is to train a model with continuously incoming data and tasks. Due to the memory limit, we cannot store all the historical data, and therefore confront the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Weichen Lin , Jiaxiang Chen , Ruomin Huang , Hu Ding

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of…

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across various tasks but demand substantial computational resources even for fine-tuning computation. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) significantly alleviates memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanduo Chen , Yutong He , Yipeng Hu , Kun Yuan , Binhang Yuan

Pre-training Large Language Models (LLMs) on web-scale datasets becomes fundamental for advancing general-purpose AI. In contrast, enhancing their predictive performance on downstream tasks typically involves adapting their knowledge…

In continual learning (CL), catastrophic forgetting often arises due to feature drift. This challenge is particularly prominent in the exemplar-free continual learning (EFCL) setting, where samples from previous tasks cannot be retained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Xuan Liu , Xiaobin Chang

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. LoRA is one of the most widely used methods, which assumes that the optimization process is essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Changqun Li , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

Continuous knowledge updating for pre-trained large language models (LLMs) is increasingly necessary yet remains challenging. Although inference-time methods like In-Context Learning (ICL) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Seungju Back , Dongwoo Lee , Naun Kang , Taehee Lee , S. K. Hong , Youngjune Gwon , Sungjin Ahn

Supervised fine-tuning is the most common method to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but full fine-tuning LLMs requires massive computational resources. Recently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Xiangdi Meng , Damai Dai , Weiyao Luo , Zhe Yang , Shaoxiang Wu , Xiaochen Wang , Peiyi Wang , Qingxiu Dong , Liang Chen , Zhifang Sui

Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in online continual learning (OCL), especially for non-stationary data streams that do not have well-defined task boundaries. This challenge is exacerbated by the memory constraints and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Xiwen Wei , Guihong Li , Radu Marculescu

Continual adaptation of deep generative models holds tremendous potential and critical importance, given their rapid and expanding usage in text and vision based applications. Incremental training, however, remains highly challenging due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Victor Enescu , Hichem Sahbi

Adapting models pre-trained on large-scale datasets to a variety of downstream tasks is a common strategy in deep learning. Consequently, parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods have emerged as a promising way to adapt pre-trained models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Ahmed Agiza , Marina Neseem , Sherief Reda

While orthogonal subspace methods try to mitigate task interference in Continual Learning (CL), they often suffer from energy diffusion across the basis, hindering knowledge compaction and exhausting capacity for future tasks. We observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Longhua Li , Lei Qi , Qi Tian , Xin Geng

Continual Reinforcement Learning (CRL) for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is a promising direction toward self-improving embodied agents that can adapt in openended, evolving environments. However, conventional wisdom from continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiaheng Hu , Jay Shim , Chen Tang , Yoonchang Sung , Bo Liu , Peter Stone , Roberto Martin-Martin