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In-context imitation learning allows robots to acquire skills from demonstrations, yet one-shot trajectory generation remains fragile under environmental variation. We propose SAIL, a framework that reframes robot imitation as an iterative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Makoto Sato , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yujin Tang , So Kuroki

Surgical action planning requires predicting future instrument-verb-target triplets for real-time assistance. While teleoperated robotic surgery provides natural expert demonstrations for imitation learning (IL), reinforcement learning (RL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Maxence Boels , Harry Robertshaw , Thomas C Booth , Prokar Dasgupta , Alejandro Granados , Sebastien Ourselin

Imitation learning (IL) enables autonomous behavior by learning from expert demonstrations. While more sample-efficient than comparative alternatives like reinforcement learning, IL is sensitive to compounding errors induced by distribution…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Aditya Gahlawat , Ahmed Aboudonia , Sandeep Banik , Naira Hovakimyan , Nikolai Matni , Aaron D. Ames , Gioele Zardini , Alberto Speranzon

We study the problem of generalizing an expert agent's behavior, provided through demonstrations, to new environments and/or additional constraints. Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) offers a promising solution by seeking to recover the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Filippo Lazzati , Alberto Maria Metelli

Learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL), have indicated superiority over rule-based approaches in complex urban autonomous driving environments, showing great potential to make intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Imitation Learning (IL) is an important paradigm within the broader reinforcement learning (RL) methodology. Unlike most of RL, it does not assume availability of reward-feedback. Reward inference and shaping are known to be difficult and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Rishabh Agrawal , Nathan Dahlin , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Grounding the instruction in the environment is a key step in solving language-guided goal-reaching reinforcement learning problems. In automated reinforcement learning, a key concern is to enhance the model's ability to generalize across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Armin Saghafian , Amirmohammad Izadi , Negin Hashemi Dijujin , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Eye gaze offers valuable cues about attention, short-term intent, and future actions, making it a powerful signal for modeling egocentric behavior. In this work, we propose a gaze-regularized framework that enhances VLMs for two key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Anupam Pani , Yanchao Yang

The traditional i.i.d.-based learning paradigm faces inherent challenges in addressing causal relationships, which has become increasingly evident with the rise of applications in causal representation learning. Our understanding of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jia Li , Xiang Li

Comprehending natural language and following human instructions are critical capabilities for intelligent agents. However, the flexibility of linguistic instructions induces substantial ambiguity across language-conditioned tasks, severely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Runpeng Xie , Quanwei Wang , Hao Hu , Zherui Zhou , Ni Mu , Xiyun Li , Yiqin Yang , Shuang Xu , Qianchuan Zhao , Bo XU

The Granger framework is useful for discovering causal relations in time-varying signals. However, most Granger causality (GC) methods are developed for densely sampled timeseries data. A substantially different setting, particularly common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minh Nguyen , Gia H. Ngo , Mert R. Sabuncu

Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) and its variants are popular few-shot classification methods. They train an initializer across a variety of sampled learning tasks (also known as episodes) such that the initialized model can adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yangbin Chen , Yun Ma , Tom Ko , Jianping Wang , Qing Li

Learning complex policies with Reinforcement Learning (RL) is often hindered by instability and slow convergence, a problem exacerbated by the difficulty of reward engineering. Imitation Learning (IL) from expert demonstrations bypasses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sayambhu Sen , Shalabh Bhatnagar

In recent years, imitation learning (IL) has been widely used in industry as the core of autonomous vehicle (AV) planning modules. However, previous IL works show sample inefficiency and low generalisation in safety-critical scenarios, on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yurui Du , Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Jens Kober , Tong Duy Son

While combining imitation learning (IL) and reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising way to address poor sample efficiency in autonomous behavior acquisition, methods that do so typically assume that the requisite behavior demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Caroline Wang , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Learning models of user behaviour is an important problem that is broadly applicable across many application domains requiring human-robot interaction. In this work we show that it is possible to learn a generative model for distinct user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Daniel Angelov , Yordan Hristov , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

While biological intelligence grows organically as new knowledge is gathered throughout life, Artificial Neural Networks forget catastrophically whenever they face a changing training data distribution. Rehearsal-based Continual Learning…

Predictive models trained on observational data often fail to generalise to the distributions they encounter when deployed, especially when the training data is a product of the system being optimised. Recommender systems are a canonical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Yorgos Felekis , Michael O'Riordan , Oriol Corcoll , Ciarán M. Gilligan-Lee

Conventional supervised learning methods typically assume i.i.d samples and are found to be sensitive to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. We propose Generative Causal Representation Learning (GCRL) which leverages causality to facilitate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Shayan Shirahmad Gale Bagi , Zahra Gharaee , Oliver Schulte , Mark Crowley

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes the policy on a previously collected dataset without any interactions with the environment, yet usually suffers from the distributional shift problem. To mitigate this issue, a typical solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Shenzhi Wang , Qihang Zhang , Gao Huang , Shiji Song