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Security in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires ways to regularly update firmware in the field. These demands ever increase with new, agile concepts such as security as code and should be considered a regular operation. Hosting massive…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Cenk Gündoğan , Christian Amsüss , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

Secure firmware update is an important stage in the IoT device life-cycle. Prior techniques, designed for other computational settings, are not readily suitable for IoT devices, since they do not consider idiosyncrasies of a realistic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-19 N. Asokan , Thomas Nyman , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Gene Tsudik

Firmware refers to device read-only resident code which includes microcode and macro-instruction -level routines. For Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices without an operating system, firmware includes all the necessary instructions on how such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Solon Falas , Charalambos Konstantinou , Maria K. Michael

Internet of Things (IoT) networks require regular firmware updates to ensure enhanced security and stability. As we move towards methodologies of codifying security and policy decisions and exchanging them over IoT large-scale deployments…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Ioannis Mavromatis , Aleksandar Stanoev , Anthony J. Portelli , Charles Lockie , Marius Ammann , Yichao Jin , Mahesh Sooriyabandara

Low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly popular but often insecure due to poor update regimes. As a result, many devices run outdated and known-vulnerable versions of open-source software. We address this problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sebastian Jänich , Merlin Sievers , Johannes Kinder

IoT repackaging refers to an attack devoted to tampering with a legitimate firmware package by modifying its content (e.g., injecting some malicious code) and re-distributing it in the wild. In such a scenario, the firmware delivery and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Luca Verderame , Antonio Ruggia , Alessio Merlo

IoT devices are decentralized and deployed in un-stable environments, which causes them to be prone to various kinds of faults, such as device failure and network disruption. Yet, current IoT platforms require programmers to handle faults…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Michael Norris , Berkay Celik , Patrick McDaniel , Gang Tan , Prasanna Venkatesh , Shulin Zhao , Anand Sivasubramaniam

Currently, the development of IoT firmware heavily depends on third-party components (TPCs) to improve development efficiency. Nevertheless, TPCs are not secure, and the vulnerabilities in TPCs will influence the security of IoT firmware.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Binbin Zhao , Shouling Ji , Jiacheng Xu , Yuan Tian , Qiuyang Wei , Qinying Wang , Chenyang Lyu , Xuhong Zhang , Changting Lin , Jingzheng Wu , Raheem Beyah

Smart home IoT devices are known to be breeding grounds for security and privacy vulnerabilities. Although some IoT vendors deploy updates, the update process is mostly opaque to researchers. It is unclear what software components are on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Vijay Prakash , Sicheng Xie , Danny Yuxing Huang

The rapid expansion of connected devices has amplified the need for robust and scalable security frameworks. This paper proposes a holistic approach to securing network-connected devices, covering essential layers: hardware, firmware,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Khan Reaz , Gerhard Wunder

This work explores the use of machine learning techniques on an Internet-of-Things firmware dataset to detect malicious attempts to infect edge devices or subsequently corrupt an entire network. Firmware updates are uncommon in IoT devices;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Erik Larsen , Korey MacVittie , John Lilly

A diverse set of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming an integrated part of daily lives, and playing an increasingly vital role in various industry, enterprise and agricultural settings. The current IoT ecosystem relies on several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Bhaskar Tejaswi , Mohammad Mannan , Amr Youssef

The security of microcontrollers, which drive modern IoT and embedded devices, continues to raise major concerns. Within a microcontroller (MCU), the firmware is a monolithic piece of software that contains the whole software stack, whereas…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Bo Feng , Meng Luo , Changming Liu , Long Lu , Engin Kirda

In various scenarios, achieving security between IoT devices is challenging since the devices may have different dedicated communication standards, resource constraints as well as various applications. In this article, we first provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Ruei-Hau Hsu , Jemin Lee , Tony Q. S. Quek , Jyh-Cheng Chen

The advances of the Internet of Things (IoT) have had a fundamental impact and influence in sharping our rich living experiences. However, since IoT devices are usually resource-constrained, lightweight block ciphers have played a major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Duc-Phong Le , Rongxing Lu , Ali A. Ghorbani

The rapid proliferation of IoT nodes equipped with microphones and capable of performing on-device audio classification exposes highly sensitive data while operating under tight resource constraints. To protect against this, we present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sergio Benlloch-Lopez , Miquel Viel-Vazquez , Javier Naranjo-Alcazar , Jordi Grau-Haro , Pedro Zuccarello

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly important. These devices are often resource-limited, hindering rigorous enforcement of security policies. Assessing the vulnerability of IoT devices is an important problem, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Davino Mauro Junior , Luis Melo , Harvey Lu , Marcelo d'Amorim , Atul Prakash

Internet technologies have made a paradigm shift in the fields of computing and data science and one such paradigm defining change is the Internet of Things or IoT. Nowadays, thousands of household appliances use integrated smart devices…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Projjal Gupta

The devices forming the Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks need to be re-programmed over-the-air, so that new features are added, software bugs or security vulnerabilities are resolved and their applications can be re-purposed. The…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Konstantinos Arakadakis , Pavlos Charalampidis , Antonis Makrogiannakis , Alexandros Fragkiadakis

Software updates are critical for ensuring systems remain free of bugs and vulnerabilities while they are in service. While many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are capable of outlasting desktops and mobile phones, their software update…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Conner Bradley , David Barrera
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