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The need for explainable AI (XAI) is well established but relatively little has been published outside of the supervised learning paradigm. This paper focuses on a principled approach to applying explainability and interpretability to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 John Sipple , Abdou Youssef

To address the challenges of low diagnostic accuracy in traditional bearing fault diagnosis methods, this paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis approach based on multi-scale spectrum feature images and deep learning. Firstly, the vibration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tongchao Luo , Mingquan Qiu , Zhenyu Wu , Zebo Zhao , Dingyou Zhang

The healthcare industry has been revolutionized by the convergence of Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT), allowing advanced data-driven solutions to improve healthcare systems. With the increasing complexity of Artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Al Amin , Kamrul Hasan , Saleh Zein-Sabatto , Deo Chimba , Imtiaz Ahmed , Tariqul Islam

Understanding the reasoning behind deep learning model predictions is crucial in cheminformatics and drug discovery, where molecular design determines their properties. However, current evaluation frameworks for Explainable AI (XAI) in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Magdalena Proszewska , Tomasz Danel , Dawid Rymarczyk

State of the art Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have reached an impressive complexity. Consequently, researchers are discovering more and more methods to use them in real-world applications. However, the complexity of such systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Marco Matarese , Francesco Rea , Alessandra Sciutti

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems approach and surpass expert human performance across a broad range of tasks, obtaining high-quality human supervision for evaluation and training becomes increasingly challenging. Our focus is on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ren Yin , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

The field of 'explainable' artificial intelligence (XAI) has produced highly cited methods that seek to make the decisions of complex machine learning (ML) methods 'understandable' to humans, for example by attributing 'importance' scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Benedict Clark , Rick Wilming , Stefan Haufe

Artificial intelligence models encounter significant challenges due to their black-box nature, particularly in safety-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous vehicles. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Mersha , Khang Lam , Joseph Wood , Ali AlShami , Jugal Kalita

The explainability of black-box machine learning algorithms, commonly known as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), has become crucial for financial and other regulated industrial applications due to regulatory requirements and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Gregory Yampolsky , Dhruv Desai , Mingshu Li , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential for analyzing complex data and solving highly-challenging tasks. It is being applied across numerous disciplines beyond computer science, including Food Engineering, where there is a growing…

Advancements in deep learning have enabled highly accurate arrhythmia detection from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, but limited interpretability remains a barrier to clinical adoption. This study investigates the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Joschka Beck , Arlene John

Big Data has become central to modern applications in finance, insurance, and cybersecurity, enabling machine learning systems to perform large-scale risk assessments and fraud detection. However, the increasing dependence on automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ayush Jain , Rahul Kulkarni , Siyi Lin

The security of printed circuit boards (PCBs) has become increasingly vital as supply chain vulnerabilities, including tampering, present significant risks to electronic systems. While detecting tampering on a PCB is the first step for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Maryam Saadat Safa , Seyedmohammad Nouraniboosjin , Fatemeh Ganji , Shahin Tajik

The need for interpretable and accountable intelligent systems grows along with the prevalence of artificial intelligence applications used in everyday life. Explainable intelligent systems are designed to self-explain the reasoning behind…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Sina Mohseni , Niloofar Zarei , Eric D. Ragan

Medical image segmentation is a critical component of clinical workflows, enabling accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. However, despite the superior performance of transformer-based models over convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Thuraya Alzubaidi , Sana Ammar , Maryam Alsharqi , Islem Rekik , Muzammil Behzad

The rise of AI-powered classification techniques has ushered in a new era for data-driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis in smart building systems. While extensive research has championed supervised FDD approaches, the real-world application…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Farivar Rajabi , J. J. McArthur

We propose and implement an interpretable machine learning classification model for Explainable AI (XAI) based on expressive Boolean formulas. Potential applications include credit scoring and diagnosis of medical conditions. The Boolean…

A longstanding challenge surrounding deep learning algorithms is unpacking and understanding how they make their decisions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers methods to provide explanations of internal functions of algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Amin Nayebi , Sindhu Tipirneni , Brandon Foreman , Chandan K. Reddy , Vignesh Subbian

The transition of next generation advanced nuclear reactor systems from analog to fully digital instrumentation and control will necessitate robust mechanisms to safeguard against potential data integrity threats. One challenge is the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zachery Dahm , Vasileios Theos , Konstantinos Vasili , William Richards , Konstantinos Gkouliaras , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field inspects the measures and models involved in decision-making and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Guang Yang , Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia