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In real-world recommender systems, user-item interactions are Missing Not At Random (MNAR), as interactions with popular items are more frequently observed than those with less popular ones. Missing observations shift recommendations toward…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Kazuma Onishi , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Hidetaka Kamigaito

Recommendation systems often suffer from data sparsity caused by limited user-item interactions, which degrade their performance and amplify popularity bias in real-world scenarios. This paper proposes a novel data augmentation framework…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Minh-Anh Nguyen , Bao Nguyen , Ha Lan N. T. , Tuan Anh Hoang , Duc-Trong Le , Dung D. Le

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have become a popular tool to improve the accuracy and performance of recommender systems. Modern recommender systems are not only designed to serve end users, but also to benefit other…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Nemat Gholinejad , Mostafa Haghir Chehreghani

As a key application of artificial intelligence, recommender systems are among the most pervasive computer aided systems to help users find potential items of interests. Recently, researchers paid considerable attention to fairness issues…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Le Wu , Lei Chen , Pengyang Shao , Richang Hong , Xiting Wang , Meng Wang

Graph neural network (GNN) based methods have saturated the field of recommender systems. The gains of these systems have been significant, showing the advantages of interpreting data through a network structure. However, despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Rebecca Salganik , Fernando Diaz , Golnoosh Farnadi

Learning from implicit feedback is a fundamental problem in modern recommender systems, where only positive interactions are observed and explicit negative signals are unavailable. In such settings, negative sampling plays a critical role…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Chen Chen , Haobo Lin , Yuanbo Xu

Popularity bias in recommender systems can increase cultural overrepresentation by favoring norms from dominant cultures and marginalizing underrepresented groups. This issue is critical for platforms offering cultural products, as they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Armin Moradi , Nicola Neophytou , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), especially message-passing-based models, have become prominent in top-k recommendation tasks, outperforming matrix factorization models due to their ability to efficiently aggregate information from a broader…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yannis Karmim , Elias Ramzi , Raphaël Fournier-S'niehotta , Nicolas Thome

Recommender systems help people find relevant content in a personalized way. One main promise of such systems is that they are able to increase the visibility of items in the long tail, i.e., the lesser-known items in a catalogue. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Anastasiia Klimashevskaia , Dietmar Jannach , Mehdi Elahi , Christoph Trattner

Popularity bias is a well-known issue in recommender systems where few popular items are over-represented in the input data, while majority of other less popular items are under-represented. This disparate representation often leads to bias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Masoud Mansoury , Finn Duijvestijn , Imane Mourabet

Collaborative Filtering~(CF) plays a crucial role in modern recommender systems, leveraging historical user-item interactions to provide personalized suggestions. However, CF-based methods often encounter biases due to imbalances in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Miaomiao Cai , Min Hou , Lei Chen , Le Wu , Haoyue Bai , Yong Li , Meng Wang

Recommender systems leverage extensive user interaction data to model preferences; however, directly modeling these data may introduce biases that disproportionately favor popular items. In this paper, we demonstrate that popularity bias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiahao Liu , Dongsheng Li , Hansu Gu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Li Shang , Ning Gu

Albeit the widespread application of recommender systems (RecSys) in our daily lives, rather limited research has been done on quantifying unfairness and biases present in such systems. Prior work largely focuses on determining whether a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Valentijn Braun , Debarati Bhaumik , Diptish Dey

Semantic understanding of popularity bias is a crucial yet underexplored challenge in recommender systems, where popular items are often favored at the expense of niche content. Most existing debiasing methods treat the semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Renqiang Luo , Dong Zhang , Yupeng Gao , Wen Shi , Mingliang Hou , Jiaying Liu , Zhe Wang , Shuo Yu

Popularity bias is a widespread problem in the field of recommender systems, where popular items tend to dominate recommendation results. In this work, we propose 'Test Time Embedding Normalization' as a simple yet effective strategy for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Dain Kim , Jinhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Recommender systems have become an essential tool for providers and users of online services and goods, especially with the increased use of the Internet to access information and purchase products and services. This work proposes a novel…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Abdullah Alhadlaq , Said Kerrache , Hatim Aboalsamh

Top-$K$ recommendation involves inferring latent user preferences and generating personalized recommendations accordingly, which is now ubiquitous in various decision systems. Nonetheless, recommender systems usually suffer from severe…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Yishan Han , Biao Xu , Yao Wang , Shanxing Gao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in recommender systems by representing users and items based on their historical interactions. However, little attention was paid to GNN's vulnerability to exposure bias: users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Minseok Kim , Jinoh Oh , Jaeyoung Do , Sungjin Lee

Popularity bias is a well-known challenge in recommender systems, where a small number of popular items receive disproportionate attention, while the majority of less popular items are largely overlooked. This imbalance often results in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Parviz Ahmadov , Masoud Mansoury

As machine learning becomes more widely adopted across domains, it is critical that researchers and ML engineers think about the inherent biases in the data that may be perpetuated by the model. Recently, many studies have shown that such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Sean Current , Yuntian He , Saket Gurukar , Srinivasan Parthasarathy