Related papers: FD-Bench: A Full-Duplex Benchmarking Pipeline Desi…

Full-Duplex Speech Language Models (FD-SLMs) enable real-time, overlapping conversational interactions, offering a more dynamic user experience compared to traditional half-duplex models. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on…

Achieving natural full-duplex interaction in spoken dialogue systems (SDS) remains a challenge due to the difficulty of accurately detecting user interruptions. Current solutions are polarized between "trigger-happy" VAD-based methods that…

Full-Duplex Speech-to-Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling real-time spoken dialogue systems. However, benchmarking and modeling these models remains a fundamental challenge.…

Spoken dialogue modeling poses challenges beyond text-based language modeling, requiring real-time interaction, turn-taking, and backchanneling. While most Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) operate in half-duplex mode-processing one turn at a…

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems promise to transform human-machine interaction from a rigid, turn-based protocol into a fluid, natural conversation. However, the central challenge to realizing this vision, managing overlapping speech,…

Full-duplex interaction, where speakers and listeners converse simultaneously, is a key element of human communication often missing from traditional spoken dialogue systems. These systems, based on rigid turn-taking paradigms, struggle to…

Dialogue serves as the most natural manner of human-computer interaction (HCI). Recent advancements in speech language models (SLM) have significantly enhanced speech-based conversational AI. However, these models are limited to turn-based…

True Full-Duplex (TFD) voice communication--enabling simultaneous listening and speaking with natural turn-taking, overlapping speech, and interruptions--represents a critical milestone toward human-like AI interaction. This survey…

Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue Systems (Full-Duplex SDS) have significantly enhanced the naturalness of human-machine interaction by enabling real-time bidirectional communication. However, existing approaches face challenges such as…

We present a generative dialogue system capable of operating in a full-duplex manner, allowing for seamless interaction. It is based on a large language model (LLM) carefully aligned to be aware of a perception module, a motor function…

We introduce Full-Duplex-Bench-v3 (FDB-v3), a benchmark for evaluating spoken language models under naturalistic speech conditions and multi-step tool use. Unlike prior work, our dataset consists entirely of real human audio annotated for…

While full-duplex speech agents enable natural, low-latency interaction by speaking and listening simultaneously, their consistency and task performance in multi-turn settings remain underexplored. We introduce Full-Duplex-Bench-v2…

Spoken Dialogue Models (SDMs) have recently attracted significant attention for their ability to generate voice responses directly to users' spoken queries. Despite their increasing popularity, there exists a gap in research focused on…

Achieving human-like responsiveness is a critical yet challenging goal for cascaded spoken dialogue systems. Conventional ASR-LLM-TTS pipelines follow a strictly sequential paradigm, requiring complete transcription and full reasoning…

Instruction-tuned language models increasingly rely on large multi-turn dialogue corpora, but these datasets are often noisy and structurally inconsistent, with topic drift, repetitive chitchat, and mismatched answer formats across turns.…

Spoken dialogue generation is crucial for applications like podcasts, dynamic commentary, and entertainment content, but poses significant challenges compared to single-utterance text-to-speech (TTS). Key requirements include accurate…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in zero-shot dialogue state tracking (DST), reducing the need for task-specific training. However, conventional DST benchmarks primarily focus on structured user-agent…

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) in clinical dialogue demands robustness to full-duplex interaction, speaker overlap, and low-latency constraints, yet open benchmarks remain scarce. We present MMedFD, the first real-world Chinese…

Spoken dialog systems with cascaded ASR-LLM-TTS modules retain strong LLM intelligence, but VAD segmentation often forces half-duplex turns and brittle control. On the other hand, VAD-free end-to-end model support full-duplex interaction…

Despite broad interest in modeling spoken dialogue agents, most approaches are inherently "half-duplex" -- restricted to turn-based interaction with responses requiring explicit prompting by the user or implicit tracking of interruption or…