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Companies regularly spend millions of dollars producing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, parties on both sides of the 'legal aisle' are accepting the use of machine learning techniques like text classification to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Christian J. Mahoney , Jianping Zhang , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Peter Gronvall , Haozhen Zhao

US corporations regularly spend millions of dollars reviewing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, attorneys apply text classification to efficiently cull massive volumes of data to identify responsive documents for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Christian Mahoney , Peter Gronvall , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Jianping Zhang

Judicial opinions are written to be persuasive and could build public trust in court decisions, yet they can be difficult for non-experts to understand. We present a pipeline for using an AI assistant to generate simplified summaries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Elliott Ash , Aniket Kesari , Suresh Naidu , Lena Song , Dominik Stammbach

Capturing the compositional process which maps the meaning of words to that of documents is a central challenge for researchers in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. We introduce a model that is able to represent the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Misha Denil , Alban Demiraj , Nal Kalchbrenner , Phil Blunsom , Nando de Freitas

Protecting privileged communications and data from disclosure is paramount for legal teams. Unrestricted legal advice, such as attorney-client communications or litigation strategy. are vital to the legal process and are exempt from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Peter Gronvall , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Jianping Zhang , Robert Keeling , Robert Neary , Haozhen Zhao

Despite the prevalence of pretrained language models in natural language understanding tasks, understanding lengthy text such as document is still challenging due to the data sparseness problem. Inspired by that humans develop their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Yueguan Wang , Naoki Yoshinaga

Text summarization is the research area aiming at creating a short and condensed version of the original document, which conveys the main idea of the document in a few words. This research topic has started to attract the attention of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Shen Gao , Xiuying Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Relevance judgments are central to the evaluation of Information Retrieval (IR) systems, but obtaining them from human annotators is costly and time-consuming. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been proposed as automated assessors,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Samaneh Mohtadi , Kevin Roitero , Stefano Mizzaro , Gianluca Demartini

Long document summarization poses a significant challenge in natural language processing due to input lengths that exceed the capacity of most state-of-the-art pre-trained language models. This study proposes a hierarchical framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuan-Jhe Yin , Bo-Yu Chen , Berlin Chen

Semantic legal metadata provides information that helps with understanding and interpreting legal provisions. Such metadata is therefore important for the systematic analysis of legal requirements. However, manually enhancing a large legal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Amin Sleimi , Nicolas Sannier , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel Briand , Marcello Ceci , John Dann

The judiciary, as one of democracy's three pillars, is dealing with a rising amount of legal issues, needing careful use of judicial resources. This research presents a complex framework that leverages Data Science methodologies, notably…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Puspendu Banerjee , Aritra Mazumdar , Wazib Ansar , Saptarsi Goswami , Amlan Chakrabarti

With more and more advanced data analysis techniques emerging, people will expect these techniques to be applied in more complex tasks and solve problems in our daily lives. Text Summarization is one of famous applications in Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Chen Jia-Chen , Guillem Senabre , Allane Caron

Current language understanding approaches focus on small documents, such as newswire articles, blog posts, product reviews and discussion forum entries. Understanding and extracting information from large documents like legal briefs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Tim Finin

This paper addresses the task of legal summarization, which involves distilling complex legal documents into concise, coherent summaries. Current approaches often struggle with content theme deviation and inconsistent writing styles due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 T. Y. S. S. Santosh , Chen Jia , Patrick Goroncy , Matthias Grabmair

Sentence scoring and sentence selection are two main steps in extractive document summarization systems. However, previous works treat them as two separated subtasks. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end neural network framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Qingyu Zhou , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Shaohan Huang , Ming Zhou , Tiejun Zhao

Legal professionals face the challenge of managing an overwhelming volume of lengthy judgments, making automated legal case summarization crucial. However, prior approaches mainly focused on training and evaluating these models within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 T. Y. S. S Santosh , Vatsal Venkatkrishna , Saptarshi Ghosh , Matthias Grabmair

Automatic text summarization, the automated process of shortening a text while reserving the main ideas of the document(s), is a critical research area in natural language processing. The aim of this literature review is to survey the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Yue Dong

Objective: Systematic reviews of scholarly documents often provide complete and exhaustive summaries of literature relevant to a research question. However, well-done systematic reviews are expensive, time-demanding, and labor-intensive.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xiaoxiao Li , Rabah Al-Zaidy , Amy Zhang , Stefan Baral , Le Bao , C. Lee Giles

This paper tackles the task of legal extractive summarization using a dataset of 430K U.S. court opinions with key passages annotated. According to automated summary quality metrics, the reinforcement-learning-based MemSum model is best and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Emmanuel Bauer , Dominik Stammbach , Nianlong Gu , Elliott Ash

We propose a simple approach for the abstractive summarization of long legal opinions that considers the argument structure of the document. Legal opinions often contain complex and nuanced argumentation, making it challenging to generate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mohamed Elaraby , Yang Zhong , Diane Litman