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Accurately reporting what objects are depicted in an image is largely a solved problem in automatic caption generation. The next big challenge on the way to truly humanlike captioning is being able to incorporate the context of the image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sofia Nikiforova , Tejaswini Deoskar , Denis Paperno , Yoad Winter

People's social relationships are often manifested through their surroundings, with certain objects or interactions acting as symbols for specific relationships, e.g., wedding rings, roses, hugs, or holding hands. This brings unique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shiwei Wu , Chao Zhang , Joya Chen , Tong Xu , Likang Wu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Memes are a widely popular tool for web users to express their thoughts using visual metaphors. Understanding memes requires recognizing and interpreting visual metaphors with respect to the text inside or around the meme, often while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 EunJeong Hwang , Vered Shwartz

Images often communicate more than they literally depict: a set of tools can suggest an occupation and a cultural artifact can suggest a tradition. This kind of indirect visual reference, known as visual metonymy, invites viewers to recover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saptarshi Ghosh , Linfeng Liu , Tianyu Jiang

Recent studies show that deep vision-only and language-only models--trained on disjoint modalities--nonetheless project their inputs into a partially aligned representational space. Yet we still lack a clear picture of where in each network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zoe Wanying He , Sean Trott , Meenakshi Khosla

In this paper, we focus on training and evaluating effective word embeddings with both text and visual information. More specifically, we introduce a large-scale dataset with 300 million sentences describing over 40 million images crawled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Junhua Mao , Jiajing Xu , Yushi Jing , Alan Yuille

Image caption generation is a long standing and challenging problem at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing. A number of recently proposed approaches utilize a fully supervised object recognition model within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Berkan Demirel , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis , Nazli Ikizler-Cinbis

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP excel in general multimodal comprehension but often struggle to capture nuanced, context-dependent visual cues. This makes it difficult to distinguish between similar-looking concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yuchen Huang , Zhiyuan Fan , Zhitao He , Sandeep Polisetty , Wenyan Li , Yi R. Fung

Developers of text generation models rely on automated evaluation metrics as a stand-in for slow and expensive manual evaluations. However, image captioning metrics have struggled to give accurate learned estimates of the semantic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Mert İnan , Piyush Sharma , Baber Khalid , Radu Soricut , Matthew Stone , Malihe Alikhani

The objective of image captioning models is to bridge the gap between the visual and linguistic modalities by generating natural language descriptions that accurately reflect the content of input images. In recent years, researchers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Alessandro Nicolosi , Rita Cucchiara

In cinema, visual motifs are recurrent iconographic compositions that carry artistic or aesthetic significance. Their use throughout the history of visual arts and media is interesting to researchers and filmmakers alike. Our goal in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Adam Phillips , Daniel Grandes Rodriguez , Miriam Sánchez-Manzano , Alan Salvadó , Manuel Garin , Gloria Haro , Coloma Ballester

Inspired by how the human brain employs a higher number of neural pathways when describing a highly focused subject, we show that deep attentive models used for the main vision-language task of image captioning, could be extended to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Zanyar Zohourianshahzadi , Jugal K. Kalita

Training Large Multimodality Models (LMMs) relies on descriptive image caption that connects image and language. Existing methods for generating such captions often rely on distilling the captions from pretrained LMMs, constructing them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanpeng Sun , Jing Hao , Ke Zhu , Jiang-Jiang Liu , Yuxiang Zhao , Xiaofan Li , Na Zhao , Zechao Li , Jingdong Wang

In this paper we explore the bi-directional mapping between images and their sentence-based descriptions. We propose learning this mapping using a recurrent neural network. Unlike previous approaches that map both sentences and images to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-21 Xinlei Chen , C. Lawrence Zitnick

Image captioning models are usually trained according to human annotated ground-truth captions, which could generate accurate but generic captions. In this paper, we focus on generating distinctive captions that can distinguish the target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Youyuan Zhang , Jiuniu Wang , Hao Wu , Wenjia Xu

Automatically describing the content of an image is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence that connects computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a generative model based on a deep recurrent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Oriol Vinyals , Alexander Toshev , Samy Bengio , Dumitru Erhan

Image caption generation is one of the most challenging problems at the intersection of vision and language domains. In this work, we propose a realistic captioning task where the input scenes may incorporate visual objects with no…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Berkan Demirel , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis

Several services for people with visual disabilities have emerged recently due to achievements in Assistive Technologies and Artificial Intelligence areas. Despite the growth in assistive systems availability, there is a lack of services…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Daniel Louzada Fernandes , Marcos Henrique Fonseca Ribeiro , Fabio Ribeiro Cerqueira , Michel Melo Silva

State-of-the-art image captioners can generate accurate sentences to describe images in a sequence to sequence manner without considering the controllability and interpretability. This, however, is far from making image captioning widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Luka Maxwell

Data visualization captions help readers understand the purpose of a visualization and are crucial for individuals with visual impairments. The prevalence of poor figure captions and the successful application of deep learning approaches to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Anita Mahinpei , Zona Kostic , Chris Tanner