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Introducing interpretability and reasoning into Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is challenging, given the complexity of gigapixel slides. Traditionally, MIL interpretability is limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Saarthak Kapse , Pushpak Pati , Srijan Das , Jingwei Zhang , Chao Chen , Maria Vakalopoulou , Joel Saltz , Dimitris Samaras , Rajarsi R. Gupta , Prateek Prasanna

Multi-label image classification presents a challenging task in many domains, including computer vision and medical imaging. Recent advancements have introduced graph-based and transformer-based methods to improve performance and capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Ahmad Sajedi , Samir Khaki , Yuri A. Lawryshyn , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis

Histomorphology is crucial in cancer diagnosis. However, existing whole slide image (WSI) classification methods struggle to effectively incorporate histomorphology information, limiting their ability to capture key pathological features.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Baizhi Wang , Rui Yan , Wenxin Ma , Xu Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Xiaolong Li , Yunjie Gu , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are built on the assumption of treating image patches as ``visual tokens" and learn patch-to-patch attention. The patch embedding based tokenizer has a semantic gap with respect to its counterpart, the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Ryan Grainger , Thomas Paniagua , Xi Song , Naresh Cuntoor , Mun Wai Lee , Tianfu Wu

In computational pathology, multiple instance learning (MIL) is widely used to circumvent the computational impasse in giga-pixel whole slide image (WSI) analysis. It usually consists of two stages: patch-level feature extraction and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Beidi Zhao , Wenlong Deng , Zi Han , Li , Chen Zhou , Zuhua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a framework for weakly supervised classification, where labels are assigned to sets of instances, i.e., bags, rather than to individual data points. This paradigm has proven effective in tasks where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Salome Kazeminia , Carsten Marr , Bastian Rieck

Prompt-based Continual Learning (PCL) has gained considerable attention as a promising continual learning solution as it achieves state-of-the-art performance while preventing privacy violation and memory overhead issues. Nonetheless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Youngeun Kim , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Visual in-context learning (VICL), as a new paradigm in computer vision, allows the model to rapidly adapt to various tasks with only a handful of prompts and examples. While effective, the existing VICL paradigm exhibits poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jiahao Xie , Alessio Tonioni , Nathalie Rauschmayr , Federico Tombari , Bernt Schiele

In the field of whole slide image (WSI) classification, multiple instance learning (MIL) serves as a promising approach, commonly decoupled into feature extraction and aggregation. In this paradigm, our observation reveals that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xuenian Wang , Shanshan Shi , Renao Yan , Qiehe Sun , Lianghui Zhu , Tian Guan , Yonghong He

Multiple instance learning (MIL) can reduce the need for costly annotation in tasks such as semantic segmentation by weakening the required degree of supervision. We propose a novel MIL formulation of multi-class semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Deepak Pathak , Evan Shelhamer , Jonathan Long , Trevor Darrell

Convolutional neural networks can be trained to perform histology slide classification using weak annotations with multiple instance learning (MIL). However, given the paucity of labeled histology data, direct application of MIL can easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Ming Y. Lu , Richard J. Chen , Jingwen Wang , Debora Dillon , Faisal Mahmood

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is an effective and widely used approach for weakly supervised machine learning. In histopathology, MIL models have achieved remarkable success in tasks like tumor detection, biomarker prediction, and…

Lifelong learning on Whole Slide Images (WSIs) aims to train or fine-tune a unified model sequentially on cancer-related tasks, reducing the resources and effort required for data transfer and processing, especially given the gigabyte-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Doanh C. Bui , Ba Hung Ngo , Hoai Luan Pham , Khang Nguyen , Maï K. Nguyen , Yasuhiko Nakashima

In large language models (LLM), in-context learning (ICL) refers to performing new tasks by conditioning on small demonstrations provided in the input context. Recent advances in visual in-context learning (VICL) demonstrate promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shao-Jun Xia , Huixin Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

Histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis serves as the gold standard for clinical cancer diagnosis in the daily routines of doctors. To develop computer-aided diagnosis model for WSIs, previous methods typically employ Multi-Instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Honglin Li , Yunlong Zhang , Pingyi Chen , Zhongyi Shui , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Multiple clustering has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to reveal multiple hidden structures of data from different perspectives. The advent of deep multiple clustering techniques has notably advanced the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jiawei Yao , Qi Qian , Juhua Hu

In computational pathology, whole-slide image (WSI) classification presents a formidable challenge due to its gigapixel resolution and limited fine-grained annotations. Multiple-instance learning (MIL) offers a weakly supervised solution,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Renao Yan , Qiehe Sun , Cheng Jin , Yiqing Liu , Yonghong He , Tian Guan , Hao Chen

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) based on pre-trained models offers a promising direction for open-world continual learning. Existing methods typically rely on correlation-based strategies, where an image's classification feature is used as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Libo Huang , Zhulin An , Chuanguang Yang , Boyu Diao , Fei Wang , Yan Zeng , Zhifeng Hao , Yongjun Xu

Multi-species animal pose estimation has emerged as a challenging yet critical task, hindered by substantial visual diversity and uncertainty. This paper challenges the problem by efficient prompt learning for Vision-Language Pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jiyong Rao , Brian Nlong Zhao , Yu Wang

Visual In-Context Learning (VICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm, enabling models to perform novel visual tasks by learning from in-context examples. The dominant "retrieve-then-prompt" approach typically relies on selecting the single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wenwen Liao , Jianbo Yu , Yuansong Wang , Qingchao Jiang , Xiaofeng Yang