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We study the problem of estimating eigenpairs of elliptic differential operators from samples of a distribution $\rho$ supported on a manifold $M$. The operators discussed in the paper are relevant in unsupervised learning and in particular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Nicolás García Trillos , Chenghui Li , Raghavendra Venkatraman

Let ${M}$ be a compact Riemannian submanifold of ${{\bf R}^m}$ of dimension $\scriptstyle{d}$ and let ${X_1,...,X_n}$ be a sample of i.i.d. points in ${M}$ with uniform distribution. We study the random operators $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Evarist Giné , Vladimir Koltchinskii

We study the fluctuation behavior of individual eigenvalues of kernel matrices arising from dense graphon-based random graphs. Under minimal integrability and boundedness assumptions on the graphon, we establish distributional limits for…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Behzad Aalipur

We study the statistics of Dirichlet eigenvalues of the random Schr\"odinger operator $-\epsilon^{-2}\Delta^{(\text{d})}+\xi^{(\epsilon)}(x)$, with $\Delta^{(\text{d})}$ the discrete Laplacian on $\mathbb Z^d$ and $\xi^{(\epsilon)}(x)$…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Marek Biskup , Ryoki Fukushima , Wolfgang Koenig

We show that eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a Riemannian manifold are approximated by eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a (suitably weighted) graph Laplace operator of a proximity graph on an epsilon-net.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Dmitri Burago , Sergei Ivanov , Yaroslav Kurylev

Given i.i.d. observations uniformly distributed on a closed submanifold of the Euclidean space, we study higher-order generalizations of graph Laplacians, so-called Hodge Laplacians on graphs, as approximations of the Laplace-Beltrami…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Jan-Paul Lerch , Martin Wahl

For a regular polyhedron (or polygon) centered at the origin, the coordinates of the vertices are eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian for the skeleton of that polyhedron (or polygon) associated with the first (non-trivial) eigenvalue. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Braxton Osting

We provide eigenvalue asymptotics for a Dirac-type operator on $\mathbb Z^n$, $n\geq 2$, perturbed by multiplication operators that decay as $|\mu|^{-\gamma}$ with $\gamma<n$. We show that the eigenvalues accumulate near the value of the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Pablo Miranda , Daniel Parra

We study the linear eigenvalue statistics of large random graphs in the regimes when the mean number of edges for each vertex tends to infinity. We prove that for a rather wide class of test functions the fluctuations of linear eigenvalue…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Maria Shcherbina , Brunello Tirozzi

We study the renormalized real sample covariance matrix $H=X^TX/\sqrt{MN}-\sqrt{M/N}$ with $N/M\rightarrow0$ as $N, M\rightarrow \infty$ in this paper. And we always assume $M=M(N)$. Here $X=[X_{jk}]_{M\times N}$ is an $M\times N$ real…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-16 Zhigang Bao

We study the fluctuations of the eigenvalues of real valued large centrosymmetric random matrices via its linear eigenvalue statistic. This is essentially a central limit theorem (CLT) for sums of dependent random variables. The dependence…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Indrajit Jana , Sunita Rani

The manifold Helmholtzian (1-Laplacian) operator $\Delta_1$ elegantly generalizes the Laplace-Beltrami operator to vector fields on a manifold $\mathcal M$. In this work, we propose the estimation of the manifold Helmholtzian from point…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 Yu-Chia Chen , Weicheng Wu , Marina Meilă , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Manifold learning methods play a prominent role in nonlinear dimensionality reduction and other tasks involving high-dimensional data sets with low intrinsic dimensionality. Many of these methods are graph-based: they associate a vertex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Joe Kileel , Amit Moscovich , Nathan Zelesko , Amit Singer

We prove a central limit theorem for the components of the eigenvectors corresponding to the $d$ largest eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix of a finite dimensional random dot product graph. As a corollary, we show that for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-29 Minh Tang , Carey E. Priebe

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a compact hypersurface in \mathds{R}^{n+1} as it is flattened into a singular double-sided flat hypersurface. We show that the limit spectral problem…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Denis Borisov , Pedro Freitas

Existing approaches to analyzing the asymptotics of graph Laplacians typically assume a well-behaved kernel function with smoothness assumptions. We remove the smoothness assumption and generalize the analysis of graph Laplacians to include…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-01-31 Daniel Ting , Ling Huang , Michael Jordan

We study the variance and the Laplace transform of the probability law of linear eigenvalue statistics of unitary invariant Matrix Models of n-dimentional Hermitian matrices as n tends to infinity. Assuming that the test function of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-26 L. Pastur

Given a sample from a probability measure with support on a submanifold in Euclidean space one can construct a neighborhood graph which can be seen as an approximation of the submanifold. The graph Laplacian of such a graph is used in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-27 Matthias Hein , Jean-Yves Audibert , Ulrike von Luxburg

In this paper we generalise the results on eigenvalues and eigenvectors of unnormalized (combinatorial) Laplacian of two-dimensional grid presented by Edwards:2013 first to a grid graph of any dimension, and second also to other types of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

Consider a $N\times n$ matrix $\Sigma_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}R_n^{1/2}X_n$, where $R_n$ is a nonnegative definite Hermitian matrix and $X_n$ is a random matrix with i.i.d. real or complex standardized entries. The fluctuations of the linear…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-29 Jamal Najim , Jianfeng Yao