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Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated the ability to extract insights from data, but the issue of fairness remains a concern in high-stakes fields such as healthcare. Despite extensive discussion and efforts in algorithm…

As software systems continue to play a significant role in modern society, ensuring their fairness has become a critical concern in software engineering. Motivated by this scenario, this paper focused on exploring the multifaceted nature of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Felipe Fronchetti , Savio Freire , Rodrigo Spinola

Software testing ensures that a system functions correctly, meets specified requirements, and maintains high quality. As artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) technologies become integral to software systems, testing has evolved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Matheus de Morais Leca , Reydne Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in healthcare, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of services across various specialties, including cardiology, ophthalmology, dermatology, emergency medicine, etc. AI applications…

Despite location being increasingly used in decision-making systems deployed in sensitive domains such as mortgages and insurance, little attention has been paid to the unfairness that may seep in due to the correlation of location with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Nripsuta Ani Saxena , Abigail L. Horn , Wenbin Zhang , Cyrus Shahabi

The ethical integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare necessitates addressing fairness-a concept that is highly context-specific across medical fields. Extensive studies have been conducted to expand the technical components…

The problem of algorithmic bias in machine learning has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its concrete and potentially hazardous implications in society. In much the same manner, biases can also alter modern industrial and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Laurent Risser , Agustin Picard , Lucas Hervier , Jean-Michel Loubes

Discriminatory practices involving AI-driven police work have been the subject of much controversies in the past few years, with algorithms such as COMPAS, PredPol and ShotSpotter being accused of unfairly impacting minority groups. At the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Sophie Noiret , Jennifer Lumetzberger , Martin Kampel

Artificial intelligence systems, especially those using machine learning, are being deployed in domains from hiring to loan issuance in order to automate these complex decisions. Judging both the effectiveness and fairness of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Disa Sariola , Patrick Button , Aron Culotta , Nicholas Mattei

Today, with the growing obsession with applying Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML), to software across various contexts, much of the focus has been on the effectiveness of AI models, often measured through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Thanh Nguyen , Chaima Boufaied , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) has become a growing concern due to discriminatory outcomes in AI-based decision-making systems. While various methods have been proposed to mitigate bias, most rely on complete demographic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Roland H. C. Yap , Wenbin Zhang

With increasing digitalization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming ubiquitous. AI-based systems to identify, optimize, automate, and scale solutions to complex economic and societal problems are being proposed and implemented. This…

Early studies of risk assessment algorithms used in criminal justice revealed widespread racial biases. In response, machine learning researchers have developed methods for fairness, many of which rely on equalizing empirical metrics across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Rajiv Movva

This paper presents a philosophical and experimental study of fairness interventions in AI classification, centered on the explainability of corrective methods. We argue that ensuring fairness requires not only satisfying a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Thomas Souverain , Johnathan Nguyen , Nicolas Meric , Paul Égré

Most Fairness in AI research focuses on exposing biases in AI systems. A broader lens on fairness reveals that AI can serve a greater aspiration: rooting out societal inequities from their source. Specifically, we focus on inequities in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Shiri Dori-Hacohen , Roberto Montenegro , Fabricio Murai , Scott A. Hale , Keen Sung , Michela Blain , Jennifer Edwards-Johnson

Systems that augment sensory abilities are increasingly employing AI and machine learning (ML) approaches, with applications ranging from object recognition and scene description tools for blind users to sound awareness tools for d/Deaf…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Leah Findlater , Steven Goodman , Yuhang Zhao , Shiri Azenkot , Margot Hanley

The significant advancements in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare decision-making, medical diagnosis, and other domains have simultaneously raised concerns about the fairness and bias of AI systems. This is particularly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Emilio Ferrara

This survey article assesses and compares existing critiques of current fairness-enhancing technical interventions into machine learning (ML) that draw from a range of non-computing disciplines, including philosophy, feminist studies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Lindsay Weinberg

In the last decade, researchers have studied fairness as a software property. In particular, how to engineer fair software systems? This includes specifying, designing, and validating fairness properties. However, the landscape of works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ezekiel Soremekun , Mike Papadakis , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Context: Fairness in systems has emerged as a critical concern in software engineering, garnering increasing attention as the field has advanced in recent years. While several guidelines have been proposed to address fairness, achieving a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Kessia Nepomuceno , Fabio Petrillo