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Related papers: Towards Scalable Spatial Intelligence via 2D-to-3D…

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Robots operating in unstructured environments require a comprehensive understanding of their surroundings, necessitating geometric and semantic information from sensor data. Traditional RGB-D processing pipelines focus primarily on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Zhiwu Zheng , Lauren Mentzer , Berk Iskender , Michael Price , Colm Prendergast , Audren Cloitre

While large language models have become the prevailing approach for agentic reasoning and planning, their success in symbolic domains does not readily translate to the physical world. Spatial intelligence, the ability to perceive 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gloria Felicia , Nolan Bryant , Handi Putra , Ayaan Gazali , Eliel Lobo , Esteban Rojas

Object recognition has seen significant progress in the image domain, with focus primarily on 2D perception. We propose to leverage existing large-scale datasets of 3D models to understand the underlying 3D structure of objects seen in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Weicheng Kuo , Anelia Angelova , Tsung-Yi Lin , Angela Dai

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in semantic tasks, they frequently lack the "spatial sense" essential for sophisticated geometric reasoning. Current models typically suffer from exorbitant modality-alignment costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Zhang , Youya Xia , Yong Wang , Meng Song , Xin Wu , Wenjun Wan , Bingbing Liu , AiXue Ye , Hongbo Zhang , Feng Wen

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of ships is an important part of maritime monitoring, allowing improved visualization, inspection, and decision-making in real-world monitoring environments. However, most state-ofthe-art 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Borja Carrillo-Perez , Felix Sattler , Angel Bueno Rodriguez , Maurice Stephan , Sarah Barnes

3D point cloud segmentation aims to assign semantic labels to individual points in a scene for fine-grained spatial understanding. Existing methods typically adopt data augmentation to alleviate the burden of large-scale annotation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Hongbin Lin , Yifan Jiang , Juangui Xu , Jesse Jiaxi Xu , Yi Lu , Zhengyu Hu , Ying-Cong Chen , Hao Wang

Recent advances in 3D imaging technologies provide novel insights to researchers and reveal finer and more detail of examined specimen, especially in the biomedical domain, but also impose huge challenges regarding scalability for automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Dominik Drees , Aaron Scherzinger , René Hägerling , Friedemann Kiefer , Xiaoyi Jiang

Humans perceive and understand real-world spaces through a stream of visual observations. Therefore, the ability to streamingly maintain and update spatial evidence from potentially unbounded video streams is essential for spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Fangfu Liu , Diankun Wu , Jiawei Chi , Yimo Cai , Yi-Hsin Hung , Xumin Yu , Hao Li , Han Hu , Yongming Rao , Yueqi Duan

Existing Vision Language Models (VLMs) architecturally rooted in "flatland" perception, fundamentally struggle to comprehend real-world 3D spatial intelligence. This failure stems from a dual-bottleneck: input-stage conflict between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhongbin Guo , Jiahe Liu , Yushan Li , Wenyu Gao , Zhen Yang , Chenzhi Li , Xinyue Zhang , Ping Jian

The rapid proliferation of modified images on social networks that are driven by widely accessible editing tools demands robust forensic tools for digital governance. Image provenance analysis, which filters various query image variants and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiewei Lai , Lan Zhang , Chen Tang , Pengcheng Sun

Traditional 3D modeling requires technical expertise, specialized software, and time-intensive processes, making it inaccessible for many users. Our research aims to lower these barriers by combining generative AI and augmented reality (AR)…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Majid Behravan , Maryam Haghani , Denis Gracanin

Accurate interpretation of street-level imagery is essential for large-scale urban mapping and the creation of Spatial Digital Twin (SDT) environments. This work presents a unified framework for joint 2D-3D segmentation and association that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Amir Melnikov , Masayuki Tanaka , Yusuke Monno , Masatoshi Okutomi

Current Large Language Models have achieved Olympiad-level logic, yet Vision-Language Models paradoxically falter on elementary spatial tasks like block counting. This capability mismatch reveals a critical ``spatial intelligence gap,''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaoxiong Zhan , Yanlin Lai , Zheng Liu , Hai Lin , Shen Li , Xiaodong Cai , Zijian Lin , Wen Huang , Hai-Tao Zheng

A central challenge in data visualization is to understand which data samples are required to generate an image of a data set in which the relevant information is encoded. In this work, we make a first step towards answering the question of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Sebastian Weiss , Mustafa Işık , Justus Thies , Rüdiger Westermann

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress in spatial intelligence, yet existing spatial reasoning benchmarks largely assume pristine visual inputs and overlook the degradations that commonly occur in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiaolong Zhou , Yifei Liu , Ziyang Gong , Jiarui Li , Qiyue Zhao , Muyao Niu , Yuanyuan Gao , Le Ma , Xue Yang , Hongjie Zhang , Zhihang Zhong

We propose and study a novel cross-reality environment that seamlessly integrates a monoscopic 2D surface (an interactive screen with touch and pen input) with a stereoscopic 3D space (an augmented reality HMD) to jointly host spatial data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Lixiang Zhao , Tobias Isenberg , Fuqi Xie , Hai-Ning Liang , Lingyun Yu

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments remains challenging for current vision-language models, which are typically constrained to room-scale scenarios. We introduce H$^2$U3D (Holistic House Understanding in 3D), a 3D visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hongpei Zheng , Shijie Li , Yanran Li , Hujun Yin

Real-time multi-camera 3D reconstruction is crucial for 3D perception, immersive interaction, and robotics. Existing methods struggle with multi-view fusion, camera extrinsic uncertainty, and scalability for large camera setups. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Chentian Sun

Generating a 3D point cloud from a single 2D image is of great importance for 3D scene understanding applications. To reconstruct the whole 3D shape of the object shown in the image, the existing deep learning based approaches use either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yao Wei , George Vosselman , Michael Ying Yang

We present Spatial Region 3D (SR-3D) aware vision-language model that connects single-view 2D images and multi-view 3D data through a shared visual token space. SR-3D supports flexible region prompting, allowing users to annotate regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 An-Chieh Cheng , Yang Fu , Yukang Chen , Zhijian Liu , Xiaolong Li , Subhashree Radhakrishnan , Song Han , Yao Lu , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Hongxu Yin , Xiaolong Wang , Sifei Liu