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The rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has unlocked the potential for enhanced 3D scene understanding and spatial reasoning. A recent line of work explores learning spatial reasoning directly from multi-view images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kanghee Lee , Injae Lee , Minseok Kwak , Jungi Hong , Kwonyoung Ryu , Jaesik Park

Towards the aim of generalized robotic manipulation, spatial generalization is the most fundamental capability that requires the policy to work robustly under different spatial distribution of objects, environment and agent itself. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xiuwei Xu , Angyuan Ma , Hankun Li , Bingyao Yu , Zheng Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

High-fidelity 3D reconstruction is critical for aerial inspection tasks such as infrastructure monitoring, structural assessment, and environmental surveying. While traditional photogrammetry techniques enable geometric modeling, they lack…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mahmoud Chick Zaouali , Todd Charter , Homayoun Najjaran

SpatialLM is a large language model designed to process 3D point cloud data and generate structured 3D scene understanding outputs. These outputs include architectural elements like walls, doors, windows, and oriented object boxes with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yongsen Mao , Junhao Zhong , Chuan Fang , Jia Zheng , Rui Tang , Hao Zhu , Ping Tan , Zihan Zhou

Pre-training has become a standard paradigm in many computer vision tasks. However, most of the methods are generally designed on the RGB image domain. Due to the discrepancy between the two-dimensional image plane and the three-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zhenyu Li , Zehui Chen , Ang Li , Liangji Fang , Qinhong Jiang , Xianming Liu , Junjun Jiang , Bolei Zhou , Hang Zhao

Embodied intelligence fundamentally requires a capability to determine where to act in 3D space. We formalize this requirement as embodied localization -- the problem of predicting executable 3D points conditioned on visual observations and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiming Zhu , Zhirui Fang , Tianming Zhang , Chuanxiu Liu , Xiaoke Jiang , Lei Zhang

Current approaches to 3D scene graph generation rely on dedicated depth sensors, such as LiDAR or RGB-D cameras, for metric 3D reconstruction. This limits deployment to specialized robotic platforms and excludes settings where only RGB…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Giorgia Modi , Davide Buoso , Giuseppe Averta , Daniele De Martini

The rise of generalist robotic policies has created an exponential demand for large-scale training data. However, on-robot data collection is labor-intensive and often limited to specific environments. In contrast, open-world images capture…

The scalability of robotic learning is fundamentally bottlenecked by the significant cost and labor of real-world data collection. While simulated data offers a scalable alternative, it often fails to generalize to the real world due to…

The problem of 3D reconstruction from posed images is undergoing a fundamental transformation, driven by continuous advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). By modeling scenes explicitly as collections of 3D Gaussians, 3DGS enables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Vitor Pereira Matias , Daniel Perazzo , Vinicius Silva , Alberto Raposo , Luiz Velho , Afonso Paiva , Tiago Novello

Spatial intelligence is foundational to AI systems that interact with the physical world, particularly in 3D scene generation and spatial comprehension. Current methodologies for 3D scene generation often rely heavily on predefined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Libin Liu , Shen Chen , Sen Jia , Jingzhe Shi , Zhongyu Jiang , Can Jin , Wu Zongkai , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

Recent years have produced a variety of learning based methods in the context of computer vision and robotics. Most of the recently proposed methods are based on deep learning, which require very large amounts of data compared to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Kenneth Blomqvist , Julius Hietala

In the coming decade, astronomical surveys of the sky will generate tens of terabytes of images and detect hundreds of millions of sources every night. The study of these sources will involve computation challenges such as anomaly detection…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Keith Wiley , Andrew Connolly , Jeff Gardner , Simon Krughof , Magdalena Balazinska , Bill Howe , YongChul Kwon , YingYi Bu

Deep learning has become the gold standard for image processing over the past decade. Simultaneously, we have seen growing interest in orbital activities such as satellite servicing and debris removal that depend on proximity operations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Carson Schubert , Kevin Black , Daniel Fonseka , Abhimanyu Dhir , Jacob Deutsch , Nihal Dhamani , Gavin Martin , Maruthi Akella

Vision-language models (VLMs) have advanced multimodal reasoning but still face challenges in spatial reasoning for 3D scenes and complex object configurations. To address this, we introduce SpatialViLT, an enhanced VLM that integrates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chashi Mahiul Islam , Oteo Mamo , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu , Weikuan Yu

This paper introduces a novel pipeline for generating large-scale, highly realistic, and automatically labeled datasets for computer vision tasks in robotic environments. Our approach addresses the critical challenges of the domain gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Patryk Niżeniec , Marcin Iwanowski

3D scene understanding is crucial for facilitating seamless interaction between digital devices and the physical world. Real-time capturing and processing of the 3D scene are essential for achieving this seamless integration. While existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Remco Royen , Kostas Pataridis , Ward van der Tempel , Adrian Munteanu

Determining the precise geographic location of an image at a global scale remains an unsolved challenge. Standard image retrieval techniques are inefficient due to the sheer volume of images (>100M) and fail when coverage is insufficient.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Philipp Lindenberger , Paul-Edouard Sarlin , Jan Hosang , Matteo Balice , Marc Pollefeys , Simon Lynen , Eduard Trulls

While 2D occupancy maps commonly used in mobile robotics enable safe navigation in indoor environments, in order for robots to understand and interact with their environment and its inhabitants representing 3D geometry and semantic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Krishnananda Prabhu Sivananda , Francesco Verdoja , Ville Kyrki

While deep learning-based methods have demonstrated outstanding results in numerous domains, some important functionalities are missing. Resolution scalability is one of them. In this work, we introduce a novel architecture, dubbed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Remco Royen , Adrian Munteanu