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Autoformalization, the task of automatically translating natural language descriptions into a formal language, poses a significant challenge across various domains, especially in mathematics. Recent advancements in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Yifan Wu , Zhaoyu Li , Xinming Wei , Xian Zhang , Fan Yang , Xiaoxing Ma

This paper presents an experiment of automatically scoring handwritten descriptive answers in the trial tests for the new Japanese university entrance examination, which were made for about 120,000 examinees in 2017 and 2018. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Hung Tuan Nguyen , Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Haruki Oka , Tsunenori Ishioka , Masaki Nakagawa

Large language models (LLMs) achieve high performance on mathematical reasoning, but these results can be inflated by training data leakage or superficial pattern matching rather than genuine reasoning. To this end, an adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinyuan Li , Murong Xu , Wenbiao Tao , Hanlun Zhu , Yike Zhao , Jipeng Zhang , Yunshi Lan

We explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Emre Yolcu , Scott Aaronson , Marijn J. H. Heule

All current investigations to analyze the derivational complexity of term rewrite systems are based on a single termination method, possibly preceded by transformations. However, the exclusive use of direct criteria is problematic due to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Harald Zankl , Martin Korp

Physics education researchers are interested in using the tools of machine learning and natural language processing to make quantitative claims from natural language and text data, such as open-ended responses to survey questions. The…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-11-08 Rebeckah K. Fussell , Emily M. Stump , N. G. Holmes

Smart premise selection is essential when using automated reasoning as a tool for large-theory formal proof development. A good method for premise selection in complex mathematical libraries is the application of machine learning to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Jesse Alama , Tom Heskes , Daniel Kühlwein , Evgeni Tsivtsivadze , Josef Urban

In this paper we show how string rewriting methods can be applied to give a new method of computing double cosets. Previous methods for double cosets were enumerative and thus restricted to finite examples. Our rewriting methods do not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ronald Brown , Neil Ghani , Anne Heyworth , Christopher D. Wensley

This paper presents a novel approach to automatically solving arithmetic word problems. This is the first algorithmic approach that can handle arithmetic problems with multiple steps and operations, without depending on additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Subhro Roy , Dan Roth

We propose RT (Refine Thought), a method that can enhance the semantic rea-soning ability of text embedding models. The method obtains the final semanticrepresentation by running multiple forward passes of the text embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Guangzhi Wang , Kai Li , Yinghao Jiao , Zhi Liu

Effective physics learning, especially in complex topics, requires balancing mathematical formalism with conceptual understanding. Conceptual problem-solving involves connecting math to physical reality, and using an epistemological…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-11-24 Matteo Tuveri , Andrea Pierfrancesco Sanna , Mariano Cadoni

In the research on computational effects, defined algebraically, effect symbols are often expected to obey certain equations. If we orient these equations, we get a rewrite system, which may be an effective way of transforming or optimizing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Ezra e. k. Cooper

Handwritten STEM exams capture open-ended reasoning and diagrams, but manual grading is slow and difficult to scale. We present an end-to-end workflow for grading scanned handwritten engineering quizzes with multimodal large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Janez Perš , Jon Muhovič , Andrej Košir , Boštjan Murovec

For end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models, recognizing personal or rare phrases can be hard. A promising way to improve accuracy is through spelling correction (or rewriting) of the ASR lattice, where potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Leonid Velikovich , Christopher Li , Diamantino Caseiro , Shankar Kumar , Pat Rondon , Kandarp Joshi , Xavier Velez

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly in mathematics. However, the domain of physics reasoning presents unique challenges that have received significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xin Xu , Qiyun Xu , Tong Xiao , Tianhao Chen , Yuchen Yan , Jiaxin Zhang , Shizhe Diao , Can Yang , Yang Wang

We report on the automation of a technique to prove the correctness of program transformations in higher-order program calculi which may permit recursive let-bindings as they occur in functional programming languages. A program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-25 David Sabel

In order to increase user confidence, many automated theorem provers provide certificates that can be independently verified. In this paper, we report on our progress in developing a standalone tool for checking the correctness of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Frédéric Blanqui , Kim Quyen Ly

Large language models (LLMs) often make reasoning errors when solving mathematical problems, and how to automatically detect and correct these errors has become an important research direction. However, existing approaches \textit{mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Biaojie Zeng , Min Zhang , Juan Zhou , Fengrui Liu , Ruiyang Huang , Xin Lin

In this work, we present a teaching strategy implemented in Introduction to Physics, corresponding to the first year of the Physics Teacher Degree at the National University of Rosario, whose main purpose is to provide students with tools…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-02-20 Rodrigo E. Menchón , Santiago H. Luna , Andrea Fourty , Hugo D. Navone

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang