English
Related papers

Related papers: SCOPE: Stochastic and Counterbiased Option Placeme…

200 papers

We introduce LAMPO, a novel paradigm that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving few-shot multi-class ordinal classification tasks. Unlike conventional methods, which concatenate all demonstration examples with the test instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhen Qin , Junru Wu , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Xuanhui Wang

Large language models (LLMs) offer substantial promise for text classification in political science, yet their effectiveness often depends on high-quality prompts and exemplars. To address this, we introduce a three-stage framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Menglin Liu , Ge Shi

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit strong biases, e.g, against women or in favor of the number 7. We investigate whether LLMs would be able to output less biased answers when allowed to observe their prior answers to the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 An Vo , Mohammad Reza Taesiri , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Totti Nguyen

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely adopted across various research and practical applications, yet the robustness and reliability of its evaluation remain a critical issue. A core challenge it faces is bias, which has primarily been studied in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Peng Lai , Zhihao Ou , Yong Wang , Longyue Wang , Jian Yang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled zero-shot automated essay scoring (AES), providing a promising way to reduce the cost and effort of essay scoring in comparison with manual grading. However, most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Takumi Shibata , Yuichi Miyamura

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale up, their performance on various downstream tasks has significantly improved. However, evaluating their capabilities has become increasingly expensive, as performing inference on a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taolin Zhang , Hang Guo , Wang Lu , Tao Dai , Shu-Tao Xia , Jindong Wang

Currently, long-chain reasoning remains a key challenge for large language models (LLMs) because natural texts lack sufficient explicit reasoning data. However, existing benchmarks suffer from limitations such as narrow coverage, short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weidong Zhan , Yue Wang , Nan Hu , Liming Xiao , Jingyuan Ma , Yuhang Qin , Zheng Li , Yixin Yang , Sirui Deng , Jinkun Ding , Wenhan Ma , Rui Li , Weilin Luo , Qun Liu , Zhifang Sui

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

LLMs have demonstrated impressive zero-shot performance on NLP tasks thanks to the knowledge they acquired in their training. In multiple-choice QA tasks, the LM probabilities are used as an imperfect measure of the plausibility of each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Wenkai Chen , Sahithya Ravi , Vered Shwartz

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is sample-efficient but struggles in sparse reward settings. A critical bottleneck arises from the lack of informative gradients in sparse settings, where standard reward models often yield flat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yao-Hui Li , Zeyu Wang , Xin Li , Wei Pang , Yingfang Yuan , Zhengkun Chen , Boya Zhang , Riashat Islam , Alex Lamb , Yonggang Zhang

The use of large language models (LLMs) as automated evaluation tools to assess the quality of generated natural language, known as LLMs-as-Judges, has demonstrated promising capabilities and is rapidly gaining widespread attention.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Haitao Li , Junjie Chen , Qingyao Ai , Zhumin Chu , Yujia Zhou , Qian Dong , Yiqun Liu

Many machine learning models, such as logistic regression~(LR) and support vector machine~(SVM), can be formulated as composite optimization problems. Recently, many distributed stochastic optimization~(DSO) methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-13 Shen-Yi Zhao , Ru Xiang , Ying-Hao Shi , Peng Gao , Wu-Jun Li

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can now be easily adapted for specific business purposes using custom prompts or fine tuning. These customizations are often iteratively re-engineered to improve some aspect of performance, but after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jennifer Healey , Laurie Byrum , Md Nadeem Akhtar , Moumita Sinha

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) today rests on fixed benchmarks that apply the same set of items to any model, producing ceiling and floor effects that mask capability gaps. We argue that the most informative evaluation signal lies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoxiang Wang , Da Yu , Huishuai Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in real-world applications. The capability of in-context learning (ICL) allows us to adapt an LLM to downstream tasks by including input-label exemplars in the prompt without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiaoqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , See-Kiong Ng , Patrick Jaillet , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Scaling test-time compute has driven the recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), typically by allocating additional computation for more thorough exploration. However, increased compute often comes at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Mert Cemri , Nived Rajaraman , Rishabh Tiwari , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kurt Keutzer , Ion Stoica , Kannan Ramchandran , Ahmad Beirami , Ziteng Sun

Test-time compute scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computational resources during inference. However, current methods employ uniform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yang Xiao , Chunpu Xu , Ruifeng Yuan , Jiashuo Wang , Wenjie Li , Pengfei Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely used to evaluate the quality of text, a field commonly referred to as LLM-as-a-judge. While prior works mainly focus on point-wise and pair-wise evaluation paradigms. Rubric-based evaluation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuzheng Xu , Tosho Hirasawa , Tadashi Kozuno , Yoshitaka Ushiku

Sampling is a basic operation in many inference-time algorithms of large language models (LLMs). To scale up inference efficiently with a limited compute, it is crucial to find an optimal allocation for sample compute budgets: Which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Kexun Zhang , Shang Zhou , Danqing Wang , William Yang Wang , Lei Li