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Taxonomies play a crucial role in various applications by providing a structural representation of knowledge. The task of taxonomy expansion involves integrating emerging concepts into existing taxonomies by identifying appropriate parent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qingkai Zeng , Yuyang Bai , Zhaoxuan Tan , Zhenyu Wu , Shangbin Feng , Meng Jiang

Building on the computer science concept of code smells, we initiate the study of law smells, i.e., patterns in legal texts that pose threats to the comprehensibility and maintainability of the law. With five intuitive law smells as running…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Corinna Coupette , Dirk Hartung , Janis Beckedorf , Maximilian Böther , Daniel Martin Katz

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

Context: Various approaches aim to support program comprehension by automatically detecting algorithms in source code. However, no empirical evaluations of their helpfulness have been performed. Objective: To empirically evaluate how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Denis Neumüller , Alexander Raschke , Matthias Tichy

Binary code analysis allows analyzing binary code without having access to the corresponding source code. A binary, after disassembly, is expressed in an assembly language. This inspires us to approach binary analysis by leveraging ideas…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Fei Zuo , Xiaopeng Li , Patrick Young , Lannan Luo , Qiang Zeng , Zhexin Zhang

In our research, we investigate the challenges that software engineers face during program comprehension, particularly when debugging unfamiliar codebases. We propose a novel tool, CodeCompass, to address these issues. Our study highlights…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ekansh Agrawal , Omair Alam , Chetan Goenka , Medha Iyer , Isabela Moise , Ashish Pandian , Bren Paul

Duplicated code has a negative impact on the quality of software systems and should be detected at least. In this paper, we discuss an approach that improves source code retrieval using the structural information about the programs. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-19 Yoshihisa Udagawa

We investigate how code obfuscation influences human understanding of programs through an output-prediction task. To study this effect, we construct multiple levels of obfuscation, ranging from unobfuscated code to transformations involving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Anh H. N. Nguyen , Jack Le , Ilse Lahnstein Coronado , Tien N. Nguyen

Developers routinely work with source files whose variable names are generic or misleading, and with teams moving quickly, many functions are left undocumented. This slows comprehension, increases the risk of subtle bugs, and makes it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Muhammad Yousuf , Akshat Bagade , Chhittebbayi Penugonda , Maanas Baraya

When working in large and complex codebases, developers face challenges using \textit{Find Usages} to understand how to reuse classes and methods. To better understand these challenges, we conducted a small exploratory study with 4…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Emad Aghayi , Aaron Massey , Thomas LaToza

The relevance of code comprehension in a developer's daily work was recognized more than 40 years ago. Consequently, many experiments were conducted to find out how developers could be supported during code comprehension and which code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Marvin Wyrich , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner

Background: Developers spend a lot of their time on understanding source code. Static code analysis tools can draw attention to code that is difficult for developers to understand. However, most of the findings are based on non-validated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Marvin Muñoz Barón , Marvin Wyrich , Stefan Wagner

Understanding student difficulties in programming is a complex challenge due to the wide range of topics and the abundant varieties of misconceptions and errors. This paper presents the design and development of a fine-grained taxonomy that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dimitri Eckert , Christian Kautz

Developers spend a significant amount of time searching for code: e.g., to understand how to complete, correct, or adapt their own code for a new context. Unfortunately, the state of the art in code search has not evolved much beyond text…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Vineeth Kashyap , David Bingham Brown , Ben Liblit , David Melski , Thomas Reps

Taxonomies represent hierarchical relations between entities, frequently applied in various software modeling and natural language processing (NLP) activities. They are typically subject to a set of structural constraints restricting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Boqi Chen , Fandi Yi , Dániel Varró

The automatic generation of source code is one of the long-lasting dreams in software engineering research. Several techniques have been proposed to speed up the writing of new code. For example, code completion techniques can recommend to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Matteo Ciniselli , Luca Pascarella , Emad Aghajani , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Gabriele Bavota

Introduction: Taxonomies capture knowledge about a particular domain in a succinct manner and establish a common understanding among peers. Researchers use taxonomies to convey information about a particular knowledge area or to support…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Waleed Abdeen

In this paper, we present a tertiary systematic literature review of previous surveys, secondary systematic literature reviews, and systematic mappings. We identify the main observations (what we know) and challenges (what we do not know)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Guilherme Lacerda , Fabio Petrillo , Marcelo Pimenta , Yann Gael Gueheneuc

Having similar code fragments, also called clones, in software systems can lead to unnecessary comprehension, review and change efforts. Syntactically similar clones can often be encountered in practice. The same is not clear for only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Verena Käfer , Stefan Wagner , Rainer Koschke

With the increasing size of digital libraries it has become a challenge to identify author names correctly. The situation becomes more critical when different persons share the same name (homonym problem) or when the names of authors are…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Fakhri Momeni , Philipp Mayr