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Open source software ecosystems consist of thousands of interdependent libraries, which users can combine to great effect. Recent work has pointed out two kinds of risks in these systems: that technical problems like bugs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 William Schueller , Johannes Wachs

Software supply chain attacks have revealed blind spots in existing SCA tools, which are often limited to a single ecosystem and assess either software artifacts or community activity in isolation. This fragmentation across tools and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ziheng Liu , Runzhi He , Minghui Zhou

Python is a widely adopted programming language, valued for its simplicity and flexibility. However, its dynamic type system poses significant challenges for automated refactoring - an essential practice in software evolution aimed at…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jonhnanthan Oliveira , Rohit Gheyi , Márcio Ribeiro , Alessandro Garcia

Python is one of the most popular programming languages; as such, projects written in Python involve an increasing number of diverse security vulnerabilities. However, existing state-of-the-art analysis tools for Python only support a few…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yoann Marquer , Domenico Bianculli , Lionel C. Briand

The open-source software (OSS) ecosystem suffers from security threats caused by malware.However, OSS malware research has three limitations: a lack of high-quality datasets, a lack of malware diversity, and a lack of attack campaign…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhou , Ying Zhang , Wenjia Niu , Jiqiang Liu , Haining Wang , Qiang Li

Security vulnerability in third-party dependencies is a growing concern not only for developers of the affected software, but for the risks it poses to an entire software ecosystem, e.g., Heartbleed vulnerability. Recent studies show that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Shane McIntosh , Takashi Ishio , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

While attackers often distribute malware to victims via open-source, community-driven package repositories, these repositories do not currently run automated malware detection systems. In this work, we explore the security goals of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Duc-Ly Vu , Zachary Newman , John Speed Meyers

Software engineers regularly use JavaScript and Python for both front-end and back-end automation tasks. On top of JavaScript and Python, there are several frameworks to facilitate automation tasks further. Some of these frameworks are Node…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Berkay Kaplan , Jingyu Qian

Reusing software libraries is a pillar of modern software engineering. In 2022, the average Java application depends on 40 third-party libraries. Relying on such libraries exposes a project to potential vulnerabilities and may put an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Amir M. Mir , Mehdi Keshani , Sebastian Proksch

Integrated information theory provides a mathematical framework to fully characterize the cause-effect structure of a physical system. Here, we introduce PyPhi, a Python software package that implements this framework for causal analysis…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-16 William G. P. Mayner , William Marshall , Larissa Albantakis , Graham Findlay , Robert Marchman , Giulio Tononi

While free/libre and open source software (FLOSS) is critical to global computing infrastructure, the maintenance of widely-adopted FLOSS packages is dependent on volunteer developers who select their own tasks. Risk of failure due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Matthew Gaughan , Kaylea Champion , Sohyeon Hwang

Software packages developed and distributed through package managers extensively depend on other packages. These dependencies are regularly updated, for example to add new features, resolve bugs or fix security issues. In order to take full…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Eleni Constantinou

With the wave of high-profile supply chain attacks targeting development and client organizations, supply chain security has recently become a focal point. As a result, there is an elevated discussion on securing the development environment…

In modern software development workflows, the open-source software supply chain contributes significantly to efficient and convenient engineering practices. With increasing system complexity, using open-source software as third-party…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zihe Yan , Kai Luo , Haoyu Yang , Yang Yu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Guancheng Li

Background: Previous studies have shown that up to 99.59 % of the Java apps using crypto APIs misuse the API at least once. However, these studies have been conducted on Java and C, while empirical studies for other languages are missing.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Anna-Katharina Wickert , Lars Baumgärtner , Florian Breitfelder , Mira Mezini

An increase in diverse technology stacks and third-party library usage has led developers to inevitably switch technologies. To assist these developers, maintainers have started to release their libraries to multiple technologies, i.e., a…

The Python Package Index (PyPI) has become a target for malicious actors, yet existing detection tools generate false positive rates of 15-30%, incorrectly flagging one-third of legitimate packages as malicious. This problem arises because…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenbo Guo , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Yiran Zhang , Jiahui Wu , Zhengzi Xu , Vinay Sachidananda , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence (AI), driving breakthroughs in natural language understanding, text generation, and autonomous systems. However, the rapid growth of LLMs presents significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yanzhe Hu , Shenao Wang , Tianyuan Nie , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

A large scale collection of both semantic and natural language resources is essential to leverage active Software Engineering research areas such as code reuse and code comprehensibility. Existing machine learning models ingest data from…

Much of the current software depends on open-source components, which in turn have complex dependencies on other open-source libraries. Vulnerabilities in open source therefore have potentially huge impacts. The goal of this work is to get…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Tobias Dam , Sebastian Neumaier