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Generative speech enhancement offers a promising alternative to traditional discriminative methods by modeling the distribution of clean speech conditioned on noisy inputs. Post-training alignment via reinforcement learning (RL) effectively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Haoxu Wang , Biao Tian , Yiheng Jiang , Zexu Pan , Shengkui Zhao , Bin Ma , Daren Chen , Xiangang Li

Search agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond static parametric knowledge by enabling access to up-to-date and long-tail information unavailable during pretraining. While reinforcement learning has been widely adopted for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junzhe Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Yajie Yang , Hao Luo , Shihan Dou , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for facilitating the self-improvement of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the domain of complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ziru Liu , Cheng Gong , Xinyu Fu , Yaofang Liu , Ran Chen , Shoubo Hu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Dandan Tu

Recent advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, applying these problem-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihong Tang , Kehai Chen , Liang Yue , Benyou Wang , Min Zhang

On-policy reinforcement learning (RL), particularly Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has become the dominant paradigm for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). While policy ratio clipping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yu Luo , Shuo Han , Yihan Hu , Dong Li , Jianye Hao

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently emerged as a practical recipe for aligning large language models with verifiable objectives. However, under sparse terminal rewards, GRPO often stalls because rollouts within a group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress, current preference optimization methods still struggle to align directional consistency while preserving reasoning diversity. To address this limitation, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mengyi Deng , Zhiwei Li , Xin Li , Tingyu Zhu , Yulan Yuan , Zhijiang Guo , Wei Wang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was introduced and used recently for promoting reasoning in LLMs under verifiable (binary) rewards. We show that the mean + variance calibration of these rewards induces a weighted contrastive loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Youssef Mroueh

This paper proposes a GRPO-based approach to enhance the performance of large language model (LLM)-based text-to-speech (TTS) models by deriving rewards from an off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) model. Compared to previous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Chang Liu , Ya-Jun Hu , Ying-Ying Gao , Shi-Lei Zhang , Zhen-Hua Ling

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has significantly advanced the training of large language models and enhanced their reasoning capabilities, while it remains susceptible to instability due to the use of hard clipping. Soft Adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Egor Denisov , Svetlana Glazyrina , Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Roman Ischenko

Classical reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize the expected cumulative rewards. In this work, we consider the RL setting where the goal is to optimize the quantile of the cumulative rewards. We parameterize the policy controlling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Jinyang Jiang , Jiaqiao Hu , Yijie Peng

Unsupervised speech emotion recognition (SER) focuses on addressing the problem of data sparsity and annotation bias of emotional speech. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising method which enhances the performance through rule-based or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Yingying Gao , Shilei Zhang , Runyan Yang , Zihao Cui , Junlan Feng

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a central paradigm for improving reasoning and code generation in large language models, and GRPO-style training is widely adopted for its simplicity and effectiveness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zhiyuan Zeng , Jiameng Huang , Zhangyue Yin , Jiashuo Liu , Ziniu Li , Bingrui Li , Yuhao Wu , Yining Zheng , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Xipeng Qiu

We introduce a problem-level prioritization framework for RL post-training of large language models. Building on insights from prioritized replay in deep RL, as well as prior observations that rollouts with intermediate success rates tend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mehdi Fatemi

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as a popular algorithm for reinforcement learning with large language models (LLMs). However, upon analyzing its clipping mechanism, we argue that it is suboptimal in certain scenarios.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Chi Liu , Xin Chen

Existing Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have achieved remarkable progress in improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Chenming Tang , Weijie Liu , Clive Bai , Saiyong Yang , Yunfang Wu

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising route to parallel and efficient text generation, but improving their reasoning ability requires effective post-training. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zichao Yu , Shengze Xu , Bingqing Jiang , Wenyi Zhang , Difan Zou

While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) offers a powerful framework for LLM post-training, its effectiveness in open-ended domains like Machine Translation hinges on accurate intra-group ranking. We identify that standard Scalar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sen Yang , Shanbo Cheng , Lu Xu , Jianbing Zhang , Shujian Huang

Group-relative policy optimization methods train language models by generating multiple rollouts per prompt and normalizing rewards with a shared mean reward baseline. In resource-constrained settings where the rollout budget is small,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Youngeun Kim